Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Adil Ahmad Magray; Kanwarpreet Singh; Swati Sharma

doi:10.14746/quageo-2023-0020

Figures & Tables

Thematic layers of causative factors: aspect, curvature, drainage density, lithology, rainfall, lineament density, LULC, slope and soil.

AHP model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Certainty Factor Model based Landslide Hazard Zonation map.

Area under curve validation graphs for AHP (a) and CF (b) models.

Numerical weights of AHP (CR – consistency ratio)_

Factors comparison	–1	–2	–3	–4	–5	–6	–7	–8	–9	–10	Normalised Eigen weight Wk
Slope	1										0.2109
Aspect	0.5	1									0.0672
Curvature	0.33	7	1								0.0996
Land use and land cover	0.2	0.11	0.14	1							0.0368
Lithology	0.14	0.33	0.11	0.17	1						0.0187
Soil	0.11	7	3	9	9	1					0.1631
Drainage density	1	5	5	3	4	3	1				0.1889
Lineament density	0.33	1	7	5	9	0.14	0.2	1			0.1038
Rainfall	0.22	0.14	0.22	3	7	0.33	0.11	0.17	1		0.1065
CR = 0.76
Comparison of factor classes											Wik
Slope (°)
(1) 0–<15	1										0.0405
(2) 15–<25	3	1									0.0887
(3) 25–<35	3	3	1								0.1483
(4) 35–<45	5	3	3	1							0.2393
(5) >45	7	5	5	7	1						0.4829
CR = 0.079
Aspect
(1) Flat	1										0.0423
(2) North	2	1									0.0615
(3) Northeast	0.32	0.2	1								0.0189
(4) East	0.15	0.5	0.33	1							0.0256
(5) Southeast	1	3	5	5	1						0.0852
(6) South	3	5	7	3	5	1					0.2469
(7) Southwest	5	2	7	5	7	0.15	1				0.1552
(8) West	0.2	0.13	1	0.33	0	0.5	0.11	1			0.0145
(9) Northwest	1	0.5	9	5	1	0.11	0.33	3	1		0.0642
(10) North	7	5	7	7	3	1	5	7	9	1	0.2623
CR = 0.89
LULC
(1) Thickly vegetated forest area	1										0.0681
(2) Populated flat land	2	1									0.0864
(3) Less vegetated area	2	2	1								0.1116
(4) Moderately vegetated area	3	3	4	1							0.2131
(5) Barren land	2	4	2	2	1						0.2081
(6) Water body	3	3	3	3	3	1					0.3187
CR = 0.87
Curvature
(1) Concave	1										0.6763
(2) Flat	0.13	1									0.0728
(3) Convex	0.34	4	1								0.2507
CR = 0.032
Drainage density
(1) Low	1										0.5644
(2) Medium	0.5	1									0.549
(3) High	0.33	0.33	1								0.3011
CR = 0.05
Soil
(1) Coarse loamy	1										0.0854
(2) Fine loamy	1	1									0.1357
(3) Loamy sand	3	3	1								0.2568
(4) Loamy soil	9	2	3	1							0.5219
CR = 0.07
Lithology
(1) Quartzite	1										0.0137
(2) Shale	3	1									0.0284
(3) Siltstone, sandstone	0.5	0.33	1								0.0254
(4) Greywacke	0.2	0.14	0.2	1							0.0692
(5) Limestone	0.33	0.13	0.12	1	1						0.0403
(6) Lenticles of limestone	0.33	0.13	0.33	2	1	1					0.0327
(7) Quartzite	2	7	9	7	3	7	1				0.0668
(8) Shale, dolomite, tuff with dolerite	0.12	0.33	0.5	7	3	3	0.14	1	7		0.0471
CR = 0.097
Rainfall (mm)
(1) 60–234	1										0.0129
(2) 234–437	3	1									0.0156
(3) 437–611	0.33	0.5	1								0.0453
(4) 611–745	0.12	0.14	0.5	1							0.0529
(5) 745–854	0.5	9	0.14	7	1						0.0987
CR = 0.073
Lineament density
(1) Low	1										0.0399
(2) Medium	2	1									0.0632
(3) High	3	3	1								0.0746

Numerical weights of certainty factor (CF)_

Causative factors	Categories	Value	Cell count	Landslide count	PPA	PPS	CF
Aspect	Flat	1	22,655	17	0.001	0.0008	–0.11
	North	2	22,368	9	0.000	0.0008	–0.52
	Northeast	3	18,085	23	0.001	0.0008	0.34
	East	4	22,260	32	0.001	0.0008	0.42
	Southeast	5	26,489	12	0.000	0.0008	–0.46
	South	6	29,490	56	0.002	0.0008	0.56
	Southwest	7	31,371	33	0.001	0.0008	0.20
	West	8	28,629	4	0.000	0.0008	–0.83
	Northwest	9	26,444	20	0.001	0.0008	–0.10
	North	10	27,083	8	0.000	0.0008	–0.65
Curvature	Concave	1	43,901	27	0.001	0.0008	–0.27
	Flat	2	149,442	125	0.001	0.0008	0.00
	Convex	3	61,531	62	0.001	0.0008	0.20
Drainage density	Low	1	39,566	53	0.001	0.0008	0.37
	Medium	2	141,605	116	0.001	0.0008	–0.02
	High	3	73,682	45	0.001	0.0008	–0.27
Line density	Low	1	78,363	43	0.001	0.0008	0.35
	Medium	2	121,167	113	0.001	0.0008	0.10
	High	3	54,470	57	0.001	0.0008	0.00
Lithology	White-grey quartzite, schist and carbonaceous dolomite	1	76,929	136	0.002	0.0008	0.53
	Shale, slate, sandstone, quartzite and conglomerate	2	55,002	14	0.000	0.0008	–0.69
	Shale, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate	3	1090	42	0.039	0.0008	0.98
	Shale, siltstone, quartzite and greywacke	4	1451	17	0.012	0.0008	0.93
	Shale, siltstone and limestone	5	66,064	3	0.000	0.0008
	Shale with lenticles of limestone	6	25	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Quartzite	7	499	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Phyllite, quartzite, shale, dolomite and tuff with dolerite	8	1456	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Limestone and dolomitic limestone with shale	9	31,718	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Grey sand, silt and clay	10	6376	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Green, carbonaceous shale, limestone and quartzite	11	816	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Diamictite, shale, quartzite, dolomite	12	2200	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Carbonaceous slate, phyllite, schist, lst. and quartzite	13	437	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Carbonaceous shale, slate and greywacke	14	6464	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
	Argillaceous limestone, limestone and shale	15	4186	0	0.000	0.0008	–1.00
Soil	Coarse loamy	1	13,074	138	0.011	0.0008	0.92
	Fine loamy	2	232,569	75	0.000	0.0008	–0.62
	Loamy sand	3	506	1	0.002	0.0008	0.58
	Loamy	4	8706	0	0.000	0.0000
Slope	0–15°	1	39,010	9	0.000	0.0008	–0.73
	15–25°	2	63,822	30	0.000	0.0008	–0.44
	25–35°	3	71,048	51	0.001	0.0008	–0.15
	35–45°	4	57,153	62	0.001	0.0008	0.23
	>45°	5	23,841	62	0.003	0.0008
Rainfall	60–234 mm	1	32,135	138	0.004	0.0002	0.96
	234–437 mm	2	25,246	38	0.002	0.0002	0.87
	437–611 mm	3	32,912	34	0.001	0.0002	0.81
	611–745 mm	4	137,645	3	0.000	0.0002	–7.84
	745–854 mm	5	878,021	0	0.000	0.0002	–1.00
LULC	Ag	1	10,952	152	0.014	0.0008	0.94
	BL	2	66,546	16	0.000	0.0008	–0.71
	FA	3	116,814	11	0.000	0.0008	–7.88
	LFA	4	38,384	13	0.000	0.0008	–0.59
	RA	5	17,666	2	0.000	0.0008	–0.86
	WB	6	4534	19	0.004	0.0008	0.80

Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Parts of Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Numerical weights of AHP (CR – consistency ratio)_

Numerical weights of certainty factor (CF)_

Paradigm

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