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Activity of Vetiver Extracts and Essential Oil against Meloidogyne incognita Cover

Activity of Vetiver Extracts and Essential Oil against Meloidogyne incognita

Journal of Nematology
Volume 50 (2018): Issue 2 (January 2018)
By: Kansiree Jindapunnapat,  Nathan D. Reetz,  Margaret H. MacDonald,  Ganga Bhagavathy,  Buncha Chinnasri,  Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon,  Anongnuch Sasnarukkit,  Kamlesh R. Chauhan,  David J. Chitwood and  Susan L.F. Meyer  
Open Access
|Jun 2018

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Diagram of a chemotaxis assay. Each plastic plate was divided into three areas: the treatment area (consisting of the treatment point and the surrounding area), the starting area (consisting of the starting point and the surrounding area), and the control area (consisting of the control point and the surrounding area). J2 were placed on the agar at the starting point, treatments were applied to the agar at the treatment point, and sterile distilled water was applied to the agar at the control point. Measurements are given for a plate with an 85-mm-diam. cup (100-mm-diam. lid).
Diagram of a chemotaxis assay. Each plastic plate was divided into three areas: the treatment area (consisting of the treatment point and the surrounding area), the starting area (consisting of the starting point and the surrounding area), and the control area (consisting of the control point and the surrounding area). J2 were placed on the agar at the starting point, treatments were applied to the agar at the treatment point, and sterile distilled water was applied to the agar at the control point. Measurements are given for a plate with an 85-mm-diam. cup (100-mm-diam. lid).

Figure 2

GC-MS spectra of crude Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) root ethanol (VRE) extracts and commercial vetiver oil (VO). (A) VRE from greenhouse-grown, 2-mon-old cv. Sierra; (B) VRE from field-grown, 1-yr-old cv. Songkha 3; (C) VRE from greenhouse-grown, 4-yr-old cv. Sierra; (D) commercial VO from Haiti.
GC-MS spectra of crude Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) root ethanol (VRE) extracts and commercial vetiver oil (VO). (A) VRE from greenhouse-grown, 2-mon-old cv. Sierra; (B) VRE from field-grown, 1-yr-old cv. Songkha 3; (C) VRE from greenhouse-grown, 4-yr-old cv. Sierra; (D) commercial VO from Haiti.

Figure 3

Chemical structures of the major constituents in vetiver root crude extracts and commercial vetiver oil from Vetiveria zizanioides, determined by GC/MS analysis: (A) 3,3,8,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid; (B) 6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol; (C) ethyl hexadecanoate; (D) ethyl 9,12-octadecadienoate; (E) 2-(4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ol.
Chemical structures of the major constituents in vetiver root crude extracts and commercial vetiver oil from Vetiveria zizanioides, determined by GC/MS analysis: (A) 3,3,8,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid; (B) 6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol; (C) ethyl hexadecanoate; (D) ethyl 9,12-octadecadienoate; (E) 2-(4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ol.

Chemical composition of major constituents in three Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) root crude extracts and a commercial vetiver oil, determined by GC/MS analysis_

Sourcea Compound nameb Retention timeComponent percentage under peakc Molecular formulaMolecular weight
2-mon VRE3,3,8,8-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid (a sesquiterpene acid)20.1142.8C15H22O2 234
6-Isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol (a sesquiterpene alcohol)19.4611.2C15H24O220
1-yr VRE3,3,8,8-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid20.1226.1C15H22O2 234
6-Isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol19.473.0C15H24O220
Ethyl hexadecanoate (ethyl palmitate)21.8632.3C18H36O2 284
Ethyl 9,12-Octadecadienoate (ethyl linoleate)23.4218.9C20H36O2 308
4-yr VRE3,3,8,8-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid20.1714.1C15H22O2 234
6-Isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol19.469.9C15H24O220
VO3,3,8,8-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid20.150.7C15H22O2 234
6-Isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol19.4717.1C15H24O220
2-(4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ol(the sesquiterpene alcohol γ-costol)19.9510.5C15H24O220

Repellent activity of aqueous Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) extracts on Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles_ The chemotaxis index (CI) was recorded after 24 hr_

Treatmenta CIb
2-mon VRA 0.1 g/ml−0.5 bc
2-mon VSA 0.1 g/ml−0.6 b
Control sterile distilled water0.0 a

Repellent activity of Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) oil, vetiver root ethanol extracts, and Tagetes patula (French marigold cv_ Durango Mix) root ethanol extracts on Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles_ The chemotaxis index (CI) was recorded after 24 hr_

Treatmenta CIb
FMRE 0.1 g/ml−0.4 dec
2-mon VRE 0.1 g/ml−0.6 e
1-yr VRE 0.1 g/ml−0.3 bcd
4-yr VRE 0.1 g/ml−0.3 cde
VO 0.1 g/ml−0.1 abc
Ethanol0.1 a
Sterile distilled water0.0 ab

Percentage inactive or dead Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) in Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) shoot aqueous (VSA) extracts and vetiver root aqueous (VRA) extracts_

Percentage inactive J2Percentage dead J2
Treatmenta Day 1Day 2Day 3 rinsed
VSA 94%53.4 bAb 70.4 abA68.2 aA
VRA 94%79.6 aAB86.7 aA71.9 aA
VSA 71%46.2 bB63.5 bcA71.1 aA
VRA 71%74.4 aA72.1 abA68.0 aA
VSA 47%39.8 bcB49.3 cdB67.6 aA
VRA 47%50.3 bA49.8 cdA53.4 abA
VSA 24%23.7 cdB38.3 dAB56.3 abA
VRA 24%16.6 deB34.3 deA43.6 bA
0.48 mg/ml streptomycin sulfate14.7 deA18.7 efA22.3 cA
Water6.7 eB9.8 fAB17.5 cA

Percentage inactive or dead Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) in Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) root ethanol (VRE) extracts, Tagetes patula (French marigold cv_ Durango Mix) root ethanol (FMRE) extract, and in vetiver oil (VO)_ Extracts were prepared from greenhouse-grown, 2-mon-old and 4-yr-old vetiver cv_ Sierra, and from field-grown, 1-yr-old cv_ Songkha 3_

Percentage inactive J2Percentage dead J2
Treatmenta Day 1Day 2Day 3 rinsed
FMRE 0.95 mg/ml34.9 aBb 30.7 aB69.1 aA
2-mon VRE 0.95 mg/ml24.9 abcB28.0 abB38.3 bcA
1-yr VRE 0.95 mg/ml27.6 abB26.5 abB42.4 bA
4-yr VRE 0.95 mg/ml29.7 abB30.0 aB41.9 bA
VO 0.95 mg/ml20.3 bcdA12.6 cdA17.1 deA
0.95% CTD12.9 dA8.0 dA11.3 eA
FMRE 0.095 mg/ml13.7 cdB17.0 bcdB35.0 bcA
2-mon VRE 0.095 mg/ml16.2 cdA20.2 abcA24.0 cdeA
1-yr VRE 0.095 mg/ml16.2 cdB13.9 cdB30.5 bcdA
4-yr VRE 0.095 mg/ml14.2 cdB11.0 cdB27.8 bcdA
VO 0.095 mg/ml9.7 dA8.6 cdA9.8 eA
0.095% CTD12.8 dA8.0 dA11.8 eA
Sterile distilled water11.8 dA12.4 cdA15.2 deA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-008 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 147 - 162
Published on: Jun 3, 2018
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Chemotaxis,
management,
marigold,
nematicide,
nematotoxic,
phytochemical,
root-knot nematode,
secondary metabolite,
sesquiterpenoid,
vetiver,
vetiver extract,
vetiver essential oil
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2018 Kansiree Jindapunnapat, Nathan D. Reetz, Margaret H. MacDonald, Ganga Bhagavathy, Buncha Chinnasri, Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon, Anongnuch Sasnarukkit, Kamlesh R. Chauhan, David J. Chitwood, Susan L.F. Meyer, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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