Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes in oil emulsions and control effectiveness on adult engorged ticks (Acari: Ixodida)

Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños; Jaime Ruiz-Vega; Yolanda D. Ortiz Hernández; Julio C. Jiménez Castañeda

doi:10.21307/jofnem-2019-001

Figures & Tables

Survival of IJs in five vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 13%.

Survival of EPNs in oil emulsions of J. virginiana and C. citratus at a concentration of 13% under laboratory conditions.

Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 50 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).

Effectivity of EPNs at concentration of 100 IJs/tick in vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 33% on engorged adult ticks. Bars with unequal letters are statistically different (Tukey, P ˂ 0.05).

Control effectiveness of S. websteri at 119 IJs/tick in two vegetable oil emulsions at a concentration of 33% and a Control with S. websteri in only distilled water.

Treatments of EPNs in vegetable oil emulsions to evaluate the survival of IJs and control effectivity on adult ticks_

		Final composition
Experiment	Treatment (%)	Oil (µL)	Amount of IJs	Distilled water (µL)
Survival	Heterorhabdistis bacteriophora – C. citratus 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora–Pelargonium 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –Rose 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –M. piperita 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora -AD (control)	0	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae –Pelargonium 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae –Rose 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae –M. piperita 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema carpocapsae -AD (control)	0	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri –Pelargonium 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri –Rose 13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri –M. piperita13	300	400 ± 20	2,000
	Steinernema websteri -AD (Control)	0	400 ± 20	2,000
Control effectiveness in laboratory	Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –C. citratus 33	833	50 ± 5	1,667
	Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
	Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
	Steinernema carpocapsae –J. virginiana 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
	Steinernema carpocapsae –C. citratus 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –J. virginiana 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
	Heterorhabditis bacteriophora –C. citratus 33	833	100 ± 10	1,667
Control effectiveness in field	Steinernema websteri –C. citratus 33	833	119 ± 10	1,667
	Steinernema websteri –J. virginiana 33	833	119 ± 10	1,667
	Steinernema websteri -AD (Control)	0	119 ± 10	2,500

Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes in oil emulsions and control effectiveness on adult engorged ticks (Acari: Ixodida)

Figures & Tables

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Treatments of EPNs in vegetable oil emulsions to evaluate the survival of IJs and control effectivity on adult ticks_

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