New data on known species of Hirschmanniella and Pratylenchus (Rhabditida, Pratylenchidae) from Iran and South Africa

Ebrahim Shokoohi; Joaquín Abolafia; Phatu William Mashela; Nafiseh Divsalar

doi:10.21307/jofnem-2019-041

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae. (A) anterior portion of the female; (B) cephalic region of the female; (C–E) female posterior end; (F) male posterior end; (G) female reproductive system; (H, I) status of females after relaxation; (J, K) status of male after relaxation.

Figure 2:

PCA analysis of the different population of H. anchoryzae.

Figure 3:

The Bayesian inference tree of Hirschmanniella anchoryzae (Ebsary and Anderson, 1982) from Iran and other related species based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 3,374.3581; AIC = 6,856.7162; freqA = 0.2269; freqC = 0.2193; freqG = 0.3068; freqT = 0.2471; R(a) [AC] = 0.6057; R(b) [AG] = 2.7984; R(c) [AT] = 0.9170; R(d) [CG] = 0.2612; R(e) [CT] = 3.5814; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.1960; shape = 0.5340).

Figure 4:

Line drawings of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) female anterior end; (B, C) stoma; (D) female reproductive system; (E) entire female; (F) lateral field; (G) post uterine sac; (H, I) female posterior end (arrow indicates phasmid).

Figure 5:

Light photomicrographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A, B) anterior end (arrows indicate hemizonid); (C) reproductive system (arrow indicates vulva); (D) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva, white arrows indicate phasmids); (E) posterior end (arrow indicate anus).

Figure 6:

Scanning electron microscope photographs of Pratylenchus hippeastri. (A) entire body (black arrow indicates vulva); (B, C, E) lip region in lateral, frontal and ventral views, respectively); (D) female anterior region; (F) excretory pore (arrow); (G) lateral field (arrows indicate longitudinal incisures); (H) vulval region; (I, J) female posterior end in ventral and lateral views, respectively (arrow indicates phasmid); (K) anus.

Figure 7:

PCA analysis of the different population of P. hippeastri.

Figure 8:

Cluster dendrogram for different populations of P. hippeastri using morphometric data. Red values represent AU (approximated unbiased) values. Green values on the right branch indicate BP (bootstrap probability). Florida 1 (Inserra et al. 2007) and Florida 2 (De Luca et al. 2010).

Figure 9:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 18S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 5,036.0855; AIC = 10,236.171; freqA = 0.2586; freqC = 0.2234; freqG = 0.2663; freqT = 0.2517; R(a) [AC] = 1.29106; R(b) [AG] = 2.99041; R(c) [AT] = 1.68788; R(d) [CG] = 0.89263; R(e) [CT] = 6.4881; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.5010; Shape = 0.4870).

Figure 10:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from ITS rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,745.2851; AIC = 15,674.5702; freqA = 0.2437; freqC = 0.2123; freqG = 0.255; freqT = 0.2889; R(a) [AC] = 1.07478; R(b) [AG] = 2.56737; R(c) [AT] = 1.63147; R(d) [CG] = 0.53909; R(e) [CT] = 2.91622; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2300; Shape = 1.3540).

Figure 12:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from COI of mtDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 2,667.1378; AIC = 5,446.2756; freqA = 0.2552; freqC = 0.0926; freqG = 0.1917; freqT = 0.4604; R(a) [AC] = 0.01; R(b) [AG] = 9.49586; R(c) [AT] = 2.67386; R(d) [CG] = 3.1383; R(e) [CT] = 8.02121; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2150; Shape = 0.4730).

Figure 11:

The Bayesian inference tree of Pratylenchus hippeastri from South Africa and other related taxa based on the sequences from 28S rDNA under GTR+I+G model (−lnL = 7,451.6325; AIC = 15,235.265; freqA = 0.2081; freqC = 0.2296; freqG = 0.3327; freqT = 0.2296; R(a) [AC] = 0.83418; R(b) [AG] = 2.50021; R(c) [AT] = 1.25212; R(d) [CG] = 0.34218; R(e) [CT] = 4.6954; R(f) [GT] = 1; p-inv = 0.2510; Shape = 0.6830).