Prevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Febrile Malaria Patients using Serological and Molecular-based Evidence

Olatunji M. Kolawole; Ajibola O. Ayodeji; Jeremiah I. Ogah

doi:10.2478/ast-2018-0008

Abstract

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic virus classified as category A priority pathogen. Rift Valley fever (RVF) has been poorly investigated in Nigeria with the infection among Nigerians last reported in 1996. Two hundred (200) febrile subjects with symptoms of malaria attending local hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria were investigated for malaria, malaria positive subjects were investigated for the presence of RVF. Malaria screening was done using Carestart^TM malaria HRP2(pf), while RVF antibodies were tested for using anti-RVF IgM ELISA. Molecular identification of the viral genome was carried out using RNA extraction (QIAGEN) and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Of the 200 subjects tested for malaria infection, 93 (46.5%) were positive, while 20 (21.5%) of the 93 subjects were seropositive for RVF. RVF virus genome was found in 5 (25%) of the 20 positive subjects. The high prevalence of RVF among malaria positive subjects show that there is a risk of a RVF outbreak if its prevalence remains unchecked.

References

Afolabi, O.J., Simon-Oke, I.A., Sorungbe, A.A., and Alao, O.O., 2015. Prevalence of Malaria among Biological Science Students in Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. Nat. Sci., 13(2), 6-12.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ayanda, O.I., 2009. Relative abundance of adult female anophelesmosquitoes in Ugah, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. J. Parasit. Vect. Biol., 1 (1), 005-008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elijah, C., Moses, J.C. and Barbara, N.N., 2014. Assessment of Risk factors Associated with malaria Transmission in Tubu village, Northern Botswana. Malar. Res. Treatment, Volume 2014, Article ID 403069, pp 1-1010.1155/2014/403069397678624757573
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ezeifeka, G.O., Umoh, J.U., Belino, E.D., and Ezeokoli, C.D., 1982. A serological survey for rift Valley Fever antibodies in food animals in Kaduna and sokoto states of Nigeria. Int. J. Zoonoses, 9 (2), 147-151.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Freiberg, A.N., Sherman, M.B., Morais, M.C., Holbrook, M.R., and Watowich, S.J., 2008. Three-Dimensional Organization of Rift Valley Fever Virus Revealed by Cryoelectron Tomography. J. Virol., 10341–10348.10.1128/JVI.01191-08257322218715915
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grobbelaar, A.A., Weyer, J., Leman, P.A., Kemp, A., Paweska, J.T., and Swanepoel, R., 2011. Molecular Epidemiology of Rift Valley Fever Virus. Emerg. Infect. Diseases, 17(12), 2270-227610.3201/eid1712.111035331118922172568
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Himeidan, Y.E., Kweka, E.J., Mahgoub, M.M., El Rayah, E., and Ouma, J., 2014. Recent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in East Africa and the Middle East. Front. Public Health, 2, 16.10.3389/fpubh.2014.00169418627225340047
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kwara state Government (KSG) 2017. About Kwara state. https://kwarastate.gov.ng/about-kwara-state/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LaBeaud, D.A., Kazura, J.W., and King, C.H., 2010, Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention. Current Opinion in Infect. Diseases, 5, 01.10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833c3da6312665420613512
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Martin, V., Chevalier, V., Ceccato, P., Anyamba, A., De Simone, L., Lubroth, I., delaRocques, S., and Domenech, J., 2008. The impact of climate change on the epidemiology and control of Rift Valley fever. Scientific and Technical Review office International des Epizooties, 27(2), 413-426.10.20506/rst.27.2.1802
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McIntosh, B.M., and Jupp, P.G., 1981, Epidemiological aspects of Rift Valley fever in South Africa with reference to vectors In Contributions on Epidemiological Biostatistics, 3, 92-99.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ochieng, C., Vittor, A.Y., Nyoka, R., Gikunju, S., Wachira, C., Waiboci, L., Umuro, M., Kim, A.A., Nderitu, L., Juma, B., Montgomery, J.M., Breiman, R.F., and Fields, B., 2015. Seroprevalence of Infections with Dengue, Rift Valley Fever and Chikungunya Viruses in Kenya. PLoS ONE, 10, 710.1371/journal.pone.0132645450341526177451
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Olaleye, O.D., Tomori, O., and Ladipo, M.A., Schmitz H., 1996. Rift Valley fever in Nigeria: infections in humans. Revue Scientifique et Tech., 15(13), 923-935.10.20506/rst.15.3.9679025142
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Olaleye, O.D., Tomori, O., and Schmitz, H., 1996. Rift Valley fever in Nigeria: Infections in domestic animals, Revue scientifique et technique, 15(3), 937–946.10.20506/rst.15.3.9669025143
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pepin, M., Bouloy, M., Bird, B.H., Kemp, A., and Paweska, J., 2010. Rift Valley fever (Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnosis and prevention. Vet Res, 41, 61.10.1051/vetres/2010033289681021188836
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schmaljohn, C.S., and Nichol, S.T., 2007. Bunyaviridae. Fields Virology, eds Knipe DM, Howley PM (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia), 5th Ed, 2 1741–1788
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thomas, K., Diane, N., Basile, K.,. Francis, G., Roger, M., and Albert, S., 2015. Assessment of the evolution of malaria and intestinal Helminthes infection from 1983 to 2014 in the HeveCam agroindustrial complex south region of Cameroon. J. Parasitol. Vector Biol., 7(7), 129-138
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
World Health Organization. 2010. Rift valley fever. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/ Accessed last 16^th January, 2017
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
World Health Organization. Malaria fact sheet 2016. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ Accessed last 16^th January, 2017
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Prevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Febrile Malaria Patients using Serological and Molecular-based Evidence

Abstract

Paradigm

My account