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Overexpression of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-B-GAL) as a Prognostic Marker of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Cover

Overexpression of Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase (SA-B-GAL) as a Prognostic Marker of Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Open Access
|Jan 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Expression of GLB1 in association with cytological alterations within the epithelium.
Expression of GLB1 in association with cytological alterations within the epithelium.

Figure 2.

Correlation of GLB1 expression between groups in relation to cytological changes in epithelium.
Correlation of GLB1 expression between groups in relation to cytological changes in epithelium.

Figure 3.

GLB1 expression in different molecular subtypes of IBC.
GLB1 expression in different molecular subtypes of IBC.

Figure 4.

Impact of Ki67 and HER2 Expression on GLB1 Levels in Tumor Cells
Impact of Ki67 and HER2 Expression on GLB1 Levels in Tumor Cells

Figure 5.

GLB1 expression dependent on ER and PR expression.
GLB1 expression dependent on ER and PR expression.

Figure 6.

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of GLB1 expression levels in Non-Invasive Lesions and Inflammatory Breast Cancer.
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of GLB1 expression levels in Non-Invasive Lesions and Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

Figure 7.

A. Frequency of GLB1+ and GLB1− IBC in relation to GLB1 expression threshold. Microscopic image of GLB1 expression relative to threshold: B. GLB1+ and C. GLB1− (immunohistochemical analysis, original magnification 200x).
A. Frequency of GLB1+ and GLB1− IBC in relation to GLB1 expression threshold. Microscopic image of GLB1 expression relative to threshold: B. GLB1+ and C. GLB1− (immunohistochemical analysis, original magnification 200x).

Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer

VariablesN%
Sideleft6644.9
right8155.1
Histological typelobular1812.4
ductal12384.8
other42.8
Histological gradeHG11711.9
HG27351
HG35337.1
Nuclear gradeNG11715.2
NG26457.1
NG33127.7
Mitotic indexgrade 11942.2
grade 22044.4
grade 3613.3
Tumor necrosisabsent2621.7
present9478.3
Desmoplasialow1716.3
medium5552.9
high3230.8
Periductal elastosislow1920.0
medium2044.4
high1635.6
Perineural invasionabsent10168.7
present4631.3
Lymphatic invasionabsent7248.9
present7551.1
Vascular invasionabsent11376.9
present3423.1
HER2negative11579.3
positive3020.7
Ki67low3020..9
medium4229.4
high7149.7
Molecular subtypesLum A3020.4
Lum B7651.7
HER2 +1912.9
TNBC2215
T statusT14835.8
T26447.8
T396.7
T4139.7
N statusN05037.3
N14835.8
N21914.2
N31712.7

Association between GLB1 expression in IBC and examined clinicopathological characteristics

VariablesGLB1 cut off 27,5%Chi-Squarep
Mononuclear infiltrateabsent2 (6,5%)2 (3,2%)3,8920,273
low10 (32,3%)33 (53,2%)
medium14 (45,2%)21 (33,9%)
high5 (16,1%)6 (9,7%)
Stromal fibroblastsnegative4 (22,2%)13 (17,3%)0,0200,887
positive14 (77,8%)62 (82,7%)
Histological typelobular4 (10,8%)14 (13,0%)0,1200,942
ductal32 (86,5%)91 (84,3%)
other1 (2,7%)3 (2,8%)
Histological gradeHG12 (5,3%)15 (14,3%)10,0160,007
HG214 (36,8%)59 (56,2%)
HG322 (57,9%)31 (29,5%)
Nuclear gradeNG12 (6,7%)15 (18,3%)8,0800,018
NG214 (46,7%)50 (61,0%)
NG314 (46,7%)17 (20,7)
Tumor necrosisabsent5 (16,7%)21 (23,3%)0,2620,609
present25 (83,3%)69 (76,7)
Perineural invasionabsent27 (71,1%)74 (67,9%)0,0250,874
present11 (28,9%)35 (32,1%)
Lymphatic invasionabsent14 (36,8%)58 (53,2%)2,4020,121
present24 (63,2%)51 (46,8%)
Vascular invasionabsent31 (81,6%)82 (75,2%)0,6390,424
present7 (18,4%)27 (24,8%)
Molecular subtypesLum A5 (13,2%)25 (22,9%)67,5630,000
Lum B12 (31,6%)64 (58,7%)
HER2 +0 (0,0%)19 (17,4%)
TNBC21 (55,3%)1 (0,9%)
HER2negative36 (94,7%)79 (73,%)6,2490,012
positive2 (5,3%)28 (26,2%)
Ki67low7 (20,0%)23 (21,3%)0,4330,805
medium9 (25,7%)33 (30,6%)
high19 (54,3%)52 (48,1%)
T statusT110 (28,6%)38 (38,4%)2,4570,507
T218 (51,4%)46 (46,5%)
T34 (11,4%)5 (5,1%)
T43 (8,6%)10 (10,1%)
N statusN09 (25,0%)41 (41,8%)4,8620,182
N113 (36,1%)35 (35,7%)
N28 (22,2%)11 (11,2%)
N36 (16,7%)11 (11,2%)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eabr-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454
Language: English
Page range: 39 - 52
Submitted on: Nov 21, 2024
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Accepted on: Jan 12, 2025
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Published on: Jan 30, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Milena Ilic, Slobodanka Mitrovic, Milica Dimitrijevic-Stojanovic, Milena Vuletic, Jelena Savic, Marija Spasojevic, Dragan Knezevic, Dzemila Alic, Dalibor Jovanovic, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.