Fig. 1
![Idealised Geometry of Stuffer Box Crimped Fibre [9]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0007_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKORPE3AVD%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T211143Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAkaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDqDrGeiuQguEXgAW%2BvilrOwBZmWllRdXEGUmiOpZxKsgIgVcEMvWfXkipZ4y4bMybhUX%2FLtc8%2FDl96dn0dDxDSdJEqxgUI0v%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGxt%2BpohN4u4b5v7pCqaBU30dT77HEicPiJP6Q6btmLF53Ywx5l4mGo3KnFQn%2FN949XfMOtmcDAuz3TVwExhi8gmufmI6oowZ5W%2FbslLiytKNQHYMYwtz4sdHJKABujwUjyj7RpKK2ons8h89S46WiZwJHS71Ko7UsO%2FALtivtDe26bMf1PobrBTqDdjMpeunx7SjltLTc9RZ6o1X5enNXyvkNF0rl2I94U%2B2H6NL975OPkZE%2FIvRZY33wGFFjnUB%2FXjMO%2FnPQWYRL7MHOWma%2FoooTMHV0qOFcGIb34DN1thGFS25to%2FIPnGwzTwj5EPyNflNlO%2FfqOXbooZTNxn%2B0SSKPrSn19YNJlFQNiOsJKJaavTvADJLqFNHTswdUb2ZN1MnIDhUzm%2BGSgf5YsunqNS19h8SFHlRaEw%2BdW%2BsNlVbAOJxMqwY3dTjnCCo79UKd0KYrOMDUANrZRd5vgsJkO6PVJjSaiX4ecrJbbXQ9%2F%2FonRj5gM9V3ailL7qyEnZ1gntkrqU1%2FDBxflsXCnylgOqs5u6eiSHm%2FAPWvNjKH7%2BnlPMyCaHHrMgsmqxYRmDbZXnOH7VWoJAs941vk59iq85gSln8EAOgOnl3hbHub2NvXwgODjgs0hpmR9x3UmPgMa%2FrfRRvQbdteYwSW8JHyb87Hh765NyAnzJPvyJlU69RhO1M3E%2F5Y8Ylkf4SwyTabTcai%2FSKBcyMjlGB0mQkgOueW7xUuwwMimuQi8MGk7tKcwo954MKqYr5bMxDoLrD%2B2Pu2zGRYMTCHwz2VAIefzxQIGOdKevX5bE3hl7O7cL7DEC%2BASqJM7FBVFDxHxZdxot4nblPJe6tc%2BW9KbsNCzhTQAB4Rl3pkmLAh55VhgEB%2B7gNyerMwy4%2BzuuE544P6PhWpRA9TVPMjCg8KbNBjqxAU8ldAKRmm%2B9xrvhVhVw6OUXcvF%2BYcFtBMsS%2BpWbzl74FpM5p0tpCSDHnO2RkjGjs6FivS4QtzjuiiAZ33rkxw1ltZrNY8xrJEfp7P2ivcuIYgfChXpqHe2ZkvVc1yuRB43J5FikZeAKQ00Ft24XUFg1fBaW6K%2FJz7W6MM4jyDUMw%2Ba7ILFmp5F3GimbysYEDn%2BGWAuBLB6qwW5PADHVO8g0c4n2aWECxdilPMdKanT5yA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=34398e087fa175ebd63404997dfd0a90b439e455fb901e420541fe986bfebcb4&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Description of Figure 1
| n = number of crimp waves per unit length of fibre | L = n l = crimped length of fibre |
| φ = crimp angle | λ = 2l = wave length of crimped fibre |
| lo = side length of one crimp bow | A = crimp amplitude |
| Lo = 2n lo = extended length of fibre | α = angle between crimp leg, fibre axis |
| l = width of one crimp bow |
Parameters of a crimp for different numbers of crimps per unit length
| Number of crimps per 2.54 cm | Width of one crimp bow l (mm) | Crimp length of fibre L (mm) | Crimp angle (φ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 8.83 | 26.49 | 145.03° |
| 4 | 6.87 | 27.48 | 136.67° |
| 5 | 5.63 | 28.15 | 126.16° |
Correlation and regression between the number of crimps, crimp length and crimp angle
| S.N | Relation between | Correlation (r) | Regression (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Number of crimps per unit length (2.54 cm) and crimp length of fibre (mm) | r = 0.9976 | p = 0.0440 |
| 2. | Number of crimps per unit length (2.54 cm) and crimp angle (φ) | r = −0.9978 | p = 0.0418 |
Materials used in this research
| Raw material | Yarn count (Tex) | Number of crimps per (2.54 cm) | Yarn twist per 2.54 cm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 % jute fibre | 218 | 3 | 4.5 |
| 258 | 4 | ||
| 311 | 5 |
Breaking force, single yarn strength or tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns with different numbers of crimps per unit length
| Breaking force (N) | Yarn strength or tenacity (cN/Tex) | Elongation % | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | |
| 1 | 25.67 | 32.56 | 46.96 | 119.60 | 128.06 | 153.50 | 1.39 | 1.51 | 1.97 |
| 2 | 26.26 | 33.24 | 45.32 | 122.35 | 130.74 | 148.11 | 1.19 | 1.58 | 1.72 |
| 3 | 25.89 | 31.96 | 45.01 | 120.49 | 125.70 | 147.13 | 1.49 | 1.71 | 1.87 |
| 4 | 24.91 | 33.87 | 46.59 | 116.06 | 133.22 | 152.29 | 1.48 | 1.36 | 2.27 |
| 5 | 26.58 | 32.04 | 44.91 | 123.46 | 126.02 | 146.80 | 1.68 | 1.41 | 2.47 |
| Avg | 25.86 | 32.71 | 45.75 | 120.46 | 128.74 | 149.56 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 2.06 |