Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions with the Use of Lignins and Biomass

Figures & Tables

Biosorbents		Metal ion	Results	Reference
Chitosan	chitosan / hydroxyapatite / nanomagnetic composite	Zn	50%	[37]
	chitosan / hydroxyapatite / nanomagnetic composite	Cu	80%	[37]
	permutite with chitosan	Zn	58,8	[38]
	permutite with chitosan	Cu	50,2	[38]
	chitosan micro and nanoparticles	Zn	>90%	[39]
Rice bran		Zn	95,22	[27]
		Cd	>80%	[29]
		Cr(VI)	40–50%
		Zn(II)	87%
		Cr(VI), Ni(II)	40–50%	[17]
Alginate		Cu	>90%	[48], [44]
		Cd		[48], [44]
		Pb, Zn		[54]
Coconut fibers		Zn	91%	[54]
		Cu	97%	[54]
		Cr(VI)	>80%	[17]
Agricultural waste biomass	corn cobs	Zn	72%	[71]
	corn cobs	Ni	82%	[71]
	waste from tea leaves	Zn	90%	[72]
	waste from tea leaves	Ni(II)	86%	[17]
	mango wood sawdust	Cu(II)	60%	[17]
Lignin		Cu, Cd	90–95%	[119]
		Pb	>90%	[114]
		Cr(VI)	85%	[115]
Lignin-chitin composite		Fe(III)	84%	[116],[117]
Lignin-chitin composite		Cu(II)	22%	[116],[117]

	Hardwood	Softwood	Grass
Lignin content [99]	18–25%	27–33%	17–24%
Lignin building block composition [91]	G+S	G	H+G+S