Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
![Knotting control schematic diagram based on PLC [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKDKDSK32F%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T170936Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAgaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIHZNSHV9qAn9G%2FYdEeJzoqWDC%2BhxfvvjikV%2FiftG%2B7cIAiEA9nIRXSbm3%2Ffz0F0s52IkQmcdCrKveqt2hoPZ3GYSCLUqxgUI0f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDHuiXmauKnNDATpnUyqaBXY4VMnAFI4WxpQ031%2FKf6xUqPd4t3OVQPTu4QCrLUUWsxKm%2BBtwr23mWf78kkIawLxP0foRJuaWKCJIcgYGGcWx6GNc30wOFycuXr35zTECwU%2FSXxUnON3EXnuTPR%2Ben7QqW94wP2YwXSb1F99N%2Bb9GYUhE8AB6bzZfjeGsqYUKIdB4VYcaeMbEcJSFS7X1IU3cTLktkuiWcj2Vh%2BfzdE%2BJxpTS0EssORNf5Pe%2FBjt2%2FEURqqdEeBx7xrE19etH%2BcYKJcK1Lvv47zpsusSTQW8wLWH2OeMDvrn%2FR6QLAHywnOthnZvcQh8QpQeI1YbZDB0dyEAkvBDbEz5J3uPP%2F0elei8ln5VHgS%2BzGl3QZV7d9VP%2BiWEO2vVluB6kFAP6jhSLcNh3NpngByusvjOGurMf7HGlm3QNCS9G5caG1dv1ZWoKWYIAi%2BXjj1Nw1loK78Vq8XNweAKnY0YRr%2F2XSuBytJsJXZv1VplWhFFaEvJCBlhsLyB6jiVKMf9jdq%2BkFj%2FNddJWE8MlKPBhd5Z9X9%2BN%2FFVUZNIRlqJvL5CR8Ydp4h3ew21NtbGb9Bpo9kLOm1AlmpxisFJmSr6189V%2Ftv2xfvSuU%2FvqJLVcgsJVNEljZULestsMXLafFGec8DhQ22%2BbqsIhjm3uarBfWOWG4ptYoCiHiWkdVegj9TxYdG3U8T7Kw9tJlggt717A9gn%2BHHM6VXKthht6CN2ULazdLLgDGfPUp%2BBX96SVjRMCTJd8rDpbAE5Chw8JZ8qyyPGVRjQzIjh9OI%2FY2nQ0%2F%2B8yKOKJO6QNKuamjJgoplwkUmWqfyI%2FnzgnFo6jNRx1YP5FH7npxwSj040k4yX9i6vzCTE7fbuJ7SXZLrBdrzmIbXCAbsNhKbSMSZySwjD8y6bNBjqxAfE8I%2BqXkOwbhxdftbkNjmM1Tk5trpu5EL%2BYDc8GS%2B1QJOlrbfdhh%2BK8wwzTUG4l9GCkoF9sUbIrnaBYYfqwJu7z4KKfmG%2FN8%2BUjF0w19AMco079L8%2BW3QengL8E4gBK9rE%2FfcTwWzOodVu799yYHHFreo0DgJrxGNmV0zZMtXOmNTH4gQA6UjijmDgq3sH0OzctFGkfhQ6WqmCpdqaurL1bjVFRo77yyqu3j5DV85tR1w%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=592de42a80716bbcf247cc3c2db24356095f34bba156572f043ef84f1a6f5d94&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
![Force diagram of catenary points at various heights [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKDKDSK32F%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T170936Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAgaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIHZNSHV9qAn9G%2FYdEeJzoqWDC%2BhxfvvjikV%2FiftG%2B7cIAiEA9nIRXSbm3%2Ffz0F0s52IkQmcdCrKveqt2hoPZ3GYSCLUqxgUI0f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDHuiXmauKnNDATpnUyqaBXY4VMnAFI4WxpQ031%2FKf6xUqPd4t3OVQPTu4QCrLUUWsxKm%2BBtwr23mWf78kkIawLxP0foRJuaWKCJIcgYGGcWx6GNc30wOFycuXr35zTECwU%2FSXxUnON3EXnuTPR%2Ben7QqW94wP2YwXSb1F99N%2Bb9GYUhE8AB6bzZfjeGsqYUKIdB4VYcaeMbEcJSFS7X1IU3cTLktkuiWcj2Vh%2BfzdE%2BJxpTS0EssORNf5Pe%2FBjt2%2FEURqqdEeBx7xrE19etH%2BcYKJcK1Lvv47zpsusSTQW8wLWH2OeMDvrn%2FR6QLAHywnOthnZvcQh8QpQeI1YbZDB0dyEAkvBDbEz5J3uPP%2F0elei8ln5VHgS%2BzGl3QZV7d9VP%2BiWEO2vVluB6kFAP6jhSLcNh3NpngByusvjOGurMf7HGlm3QNCS9G5caG1dv1ZWoKWYIAi%2BXjj1Nw1loK78Vq8XNweAKnY0YRr%2F2XSuBytJsJXZv1VplWhFFaEvJCBlhsLyB6jiVKMf9jdq%2BkFj%2FNddJWE8MlKPBhd5Z9X9%2BN%2FFVUZNIRlqJvL5CR8Ydp4h3ew21NtbGb9Bpo9kLOm1AlmpxisFJmSr6189V%2Ftv2xfvSuU%2FvqJLVcgsJVNEljZULestsMXLafFGec8DhQ22%2BbqsIhjm3uarBfWOWG4ptYoCiHiWkdVegj9TxYdG3U8T7Kw9tJlggt717A9gn%2BHHM6VXKthht6CN2ULazdLLgDGfPUp%2BBX96SVjRMCTJd8rDpbAE5Chw8JZ8qyyPGVRjQzIjh9OI%2FY2nQ0%2F%2B8yKOKJO6QNKuamjJgoplwkUmWqfyI%2FnzgnFo6jNRx1YP5FH7npxwSj040k4yX9i6vzCTE7fbuJ7SXZLrBdrzmIbXCAbsNhKbSMSZySwjD8y6bNBjqxAfE8I%2BqXkOwbhxdftbkNjmM1Tk5trpu5EL%2BYDc8GS%2B1QJOlrbfdhh%2BK8wwzTUG4l9GCkoF9sUbIrnaBYYfqwJu7z4KKfmG%2FN8%2BUjF0w19AMco079L8%2BW3QengL8E4gBK9rE%2FfcTwWzOodVu799yYHHFreo0DgJrxGNmV0zZMtXOmNTH4gQA6UjijmDgq3sH0OzctFGkfhQ6WqmCpdqaurL1bjVFRo77yyqu3j5DV85tR1w%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=7de92740e18c3569f549cfee0a3c8cecd3e388df187c61d98f1016199c9a392f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9
Test parameters
| POY | FDY | factor | Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| A | D | Tightening pulse (Piece) | 22000 | 22300 | 22600 | 22900 |
| B | E | Tightening speed/(r/s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| C | F | Ring size/mm | 45mm | 48mm | 51mm | 54mm |
test results and analysis
| No. | A | B | C | Number of knots (piece) | D | E | F | Number of knots (piece) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 15 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 |