Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3
![Diagram of a kernmantle rope loading system for sheath slippage testing [6,7]: F – loading force, V – rope movement speed, 1 –kernmantle rope tested, 2 – movable steel plates, 3 – fixed steel plates](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0053_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKDKDSK32F%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T170939Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAgaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIHZNSHV9qAn9G%2FYdEeJzoqWDC%2BhxfvvjikV%2FiftG%2B7cIAiEA9nIRXSbm3%2Ffz0F0s52IkQmcdCrKveqt2hoPZ3GYSCLUqxgUI0f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDHuiXmauKnNDATpnUyqaBXY4VMnAFI4WxpQ031%2FKf6xUqPd4t3OVQPTu4QCrLUUWsxKm%2BBtwr23mWf78kkIawLxP0foRJuaWKCJIcgYGGcWx6GNc30wOFycuXr35zTECwU%2FSXxUnON3EXnuTPR%2Ben7QqW94wP2YwXSb1F99N%2Bb9GYUhE8AB6bzZfjeGsqYUKIdB4VYcaeMbEcJSFS7X1IU3cTLktkuiWcj2Vh%2BfzdE%2BJxpTS0EssORNf5Pe%2FBjt2%2FEURqqdEeBx7xrE19etH%2BcYKJcK1Lvv47zpsusSTQW8wLWH2OeMDvrn%2FR6QLAHywnOthnZvcQh8QpQeI1YbZDB0dyEAkvBDbEz5J3uPP%2F0elei8ln5VHgS%2BzGl3QZV7d9VP%2BiWEO2vVluB6kFAP6jhSLcNh3NpngByusvjOGurMf7HGlm3QNCS9G5caG1dv1ZWoKWYIAi%2BXjj1Nw1loK78Vq8XNweAKnY0YRr%2F2XSuBytJsJXZv1VplWhFFaEvJCBlhsLyB6jiVKMf9jdq%2BkFj%2FNddJWE8MlKPBhd5Z9X9%2BN%2FFVUZNIRlqJvL5CR8Ydp4h3ew21NtbGb9Bpo9kLOm1AlmpxisFJmSr6189V%2Ftv2xfvSuU%2FvqJLVcgsJVNEljZULestsMXLafFGec8DhQ22%2BbqsIhjm3uarBfWOWG4ptYoCiHiWkdVegj9TxYdG3U8T7Kw9tJlggt717A9gn%2BHHM6VXKthht6CN2ULazdLLgDGfPUp%2BBX96SVjRMCTJd8rDpbAE5Chw8JZ8qyyPGVRjQzIjh9OI%2FY2nQ0%2F%2B8yKOKJO6QNKuamjJgoplwkUmWqfyI%2FnzgnFo6jNRx1YP5FH7npxwSj040k4yX9i6vzCTE7fbuJ7SXZLrBdrzmIbXCAbsNhKbSMSZySwjD8y6bNBjqxAfE8I%2BqXkOwbhxdftbkNjmM1Tk5trpu5EL%2BYDc8GS%2B1QJOlrbfdhh%2BK8wwzTUG4l9GCkoF9sUbIrnaBYYfqwJu7z4KKfmG%2FN8%2BUjF0w19AMco079L8%2BW3QengL8E4gBK9rE%2FfcTwWzOodVu799yYHHFreo0DgJrxGNmV0zZMtXOmNTH4gQA6UjijmDgq3sH0OzctFGkfhQ6WqmCpdqaurL1bjVFRo77yyqu3j5DV85tR1w%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=184e1d416c1ec340f9ed9b8d49e4a97d05a7537cbfd0486f218cd02e33ae5f67&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Kernmantle ropes subjected to sheath slippage tests and the results obtained
| Rope symbol | Rope type | Rope diameter d [mm] | Mean sheath slippage SSm [mm] | Standard deviation SD [mm] | Coefficient of variation for SD Wsx [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Titan 11 | 11 | 1.4 | 0.96177 | 68.7 |
| B | Iceline | 8.1 | −0.78 | 0.30332 | 38.9 |
| C | Aqualine | 9.5 | 10.6 | 0.41833 | 3.9 |
| D | Pro-Static | 10 | 1.5 | 0.61237 | 40.8 |
| E | Wall master VI | 10.5 | −1.06 | 0.43932 | 41.4 |
| F | Apollo II | 11 | −0.66 | 0.20736 | 31.4 |
| G | Performance Static | 12 | 7.5 | 1.11803 | 14.9 |
| H | Pes 12-K-24 | 12 | 5.1 | 1.20623 | 23.7 |
| I | Pa-200-12-K 24x2 | 12 | 10.1 | 1.48155 | 14.7 |
| J | Tendon | 11 | −2.66 | 0.4219 | 15.9 |
| K | Baobab Uni Core | 13.5 | 1.34 | 0.37815 | 28.2 |