Fig. 1.
![Classification of 9R-activities used in circular business models (9R Strategy), LE – linear economy, CE – circular economy. Figure made by the authors based on [8,9]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/667d12c6244b564e1b9f31f2/j_ftee-2024-0015_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKCDONMZAN%2F20260306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260306T003204Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBAaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIB8ZCgA%2BITwkrLg4cnkcH0tVrg7wv5sK6alW9sKaRKxzAiBBSg5OmnF7%2F1jtCsDBMVYEynvzFRAKOE5xlECGOFxzlirGBQjZ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMSh2Fvmj%2BYJ6%2BFiFHKpoFcxj2xw7KvISCwH1sZjbeZrm00ICCP6Ukh2jgPIW0Liw5GZ5l1kxqph5PPXSq%2FYvg6PnJLnN%2BZdjqeAdSvDsQekqaIvGVEgidsjTbdoD3Qac7xVsRfX%2Fkva6c1f1mJLf2TevyZNPjmi4Xm2xareLUjdbR5hhtppSbX%2FRQMWPVDj6L3Q00KxoVWSVGHahflQP5Y1tJC1FdWR6oJ8HzmCNYUVP%2BJJbovvAwHYo8RPeKdRT7HgVqkwhu7ldFezF9LLxyi3a0SDJWicZE%2BdMgj3BJ5EulZodXYi2y3ogTvD0X064DGdaNILr2%2F9zjb4hEv%2B095o9ggYM0HV5Ygh1ymP2%2B%2BaSPPOIUaAhrt00KEmBdrJ%2FKxhKTzbNTrDwITf0TVMY0o04xGx7OZK1CgTxOpw2XkvGF4i3I2gI4ShVJZKPJFO0KqC0Sp0TSweAsE78NaLHzGMMHf74p5WheUWQPLNFIW3jO3Isxmi9q66jxGjVxOpXkGshxVgQrdStFsf1HYc3AJQEfeE2nQudzOjb7uVAgcqzahmsjQWKAxtQRbkzL6w9DejusPhGbTxH71UtCi542QG%2BSD1uA%2BmDvykaxiQD%2FI3SeA9sNZPikPCHfEBCzVgWI8x%2Bk8WoKArWdR8T%2FnVTjZi11bSozZIFQaoBJtjmn6AiEAA9NDvf2RqXB1B9uPCrX24Xi%2FotmhYXlm8BQA0wZQUvViJtCV1MfXvbd1GDkrMKQGe8fBahc8nwqhfJV5avSfUVeoR73%2F8MrVDKtiFoROZroDCOz4YmHkAKTxo%2BRVy%2FmfwJ5i%2FBl4auh%2FhqHz0IytWov2IKe3e2b3De40ODEX6YMNzsi03FkO1MrE7ZIp1q3MwjDbQPj18YrM2VLli4MvwZj7VtiWjanML2lqM0GOrIBP1LbySlujbP5H1A2gMMwwOQT7ZmxjRmm4tl%2B4oybsf2c378wHG%2BZjULMnmT4PpLnDc5B2Cq44GWkuqyURa2pGjJfMxWw%2BJiWgp2ix1pBBhMsxWMF1hPgBlgofobwrYWzcBNmxYXejlDmSou1sXRDnOhq9KFI4YAb9UNzvB1RNW1YlY6ndwwkGMCOaj1i%2FQH4ccph1FLpoOEUug4IesZijcbW8l2js12WkoIZVsT3s60QVA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=75a75aa3ecac0972dbf1c2fddfef6f9b5a59c9c63956b178ed9eae25fbb10069&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Characteristics of the group of survey respondents in terms of gender, age and education held
| Respondent | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute N=313 | Relative (%) | ||
| Gender | Male | 94 | 30 |
| Female | 219 | 70 | |
| Age group (years old) | 18–25 | 29 | 9 |
| 26–35 | 225 | 72 | |
| 36–50 | 34 | 11 | |
| Over 50 | 25 | 8 | |
| Education | Primary | 21 | 7 |
| Secondary | 37 | 12 | |
| Professional | 25 | 8 | |
| Higher | 230 | 73 | |