Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

A. T. Ploeg; H. Witte; S. A. Subbotin; I. Tandingan De Ley; J. Smith Becker; J. O. Becker

doi:10.2478/jofnem-2024-0046

Figures & Tables

Example of two perineal patterns of a Meloidogyne marylandi population isolated from creeping bentgrass in Indian Wells, California.

Average (n = 3) egg production [Log10(eggs per root system) + 1] of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars in two replicated experiments, 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 eggs.

Effect of soil temperature on the reproductive rate R (days-1) of Meloidogyne marylandi in four experiments. Line represents regression analysis : R = 0.0020 × Ts-0.0168 for Ts = 17 – 29 °C, according to R = 1/S × Ts - Tb/S, with S = required heat sum (degree-days), Ts = soil temperature (°C), and Tb = base temperature (°C) for reproduction. Correlation coefficient R2 = 0.998.

Average (n = 12) total fresh weight of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) cuttings over a 180-day period under a range of Meloidogyne marylandi second-stage juvenile inoculum densities. Bentgrass was grown in 164 cm3 plastic cones in a greenhouse and cut every two weeks.

Average n = 6 reproduction factor (RF) final population/initial population of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars grown in 1-liter pots 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 M_ marylandi eggs per pot_

Species	Common name	Cultivar	Reproduction factor¹
Hordeum vulgare	Barley	Morex	38.57 ± 12.65 a
Avena sativa	Oat	California Red	35.12 ± 13.79 a
Zea mays	Sweet Corn	Silver Queen	16.16 ± 6.25 a
Triticum aestivum	Wheat	Ojo Rojo	12.19 ± 2.33 a
Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bentgrass	Penn A-4	6.46 ± 4.12 bcd
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Southern Starr	4.97 ± 2.02 ab
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Numex Sahara	4.61 ± 1.11 ab
Lolium perenne	Perennial Ryegrass	Zoom	4.09 ± 1.28 ab
Festuca ovina glauca	Blue Fescue	Elijah Blue	3.77 ± 0.87 ab
Poa annua	Annual Bluegrass	Two Putt	3.11 ± 0.79 abc
Cynodon dactylon	Bermudagrass	Sundevil II	2.00 ± 0.79 bcde
Festuca rubra	Red Fescue	Commutata J5	1.71 ± 0.61 bcdef
Poa pratensis	Kentucky Bluegrass	4-Season	0.71 ± 0.27 efg
Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue	Watchdog	0.51 ± 0.21 fg
Allium porrum	Leek	American Flag	0.23 ± 0.10 defg
Agrostis capillaris	Colonial Bentgrass	Jorvik	0.11 ± 0.04 efg
Allium schoenoprasum	Chives	Garlic	0.08 ± 0.02 fg
Allium cepa	Onion	Yellow Granex	0.06 ± 0.04 gh
Arachis hypogaea	Peanut	Florrunner	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Capsicum annuum	Pepper	California Wonder	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Secale cereale	Rye	Merced	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Beta vulgaris	Sugarbeet	5 GK 1122	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Citrullus lanatus	Watermelon	Charleston Grey	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Brassica oleracea var. italica	Broccoli	Liberty	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Brassica oleracea	Cabbage	Copenhagen Market	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Cucumis melo	Cantaloupe	Durango	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Gossypium hirsutum	Cotton	GC 510	0.00 ± 0.00 h
Cucumis sativus	Cucumber	Imanol	0.00 ± 0.00 h
P-value crop cultivar effect: < 0.0001

Effect of soil temperature (°C) on number of days to complete the life cycle of a M_ marylandi population_

Soil temperature	Experiment
	1	2	3	4
17	55		59
20	41	41
25	29	30	30
27			27	26
29			23	24
30	24	25
31			24	32
33			25
35	29	29

Average n=5 reproduction factor RF (number of J2 recovered/number of J2 inoculated) of a M_ marylandi population during the first five days after life cycle completion at different soil temperatures (°C)_

Soil temperature	Experiment
	1	2	3	4
17	0.06		0.13
20	0.22	0.93
25	2.06	0.93	5.20
27			14.12	6.85
29			2.71	3.00
30	1.66	2.94
31			1.60	0.11
33			0.28
35	0.04	0.01

Meloidogyne marylandi is Involved in, but not the Primary Cause of Creeping Bentgrass Decline of Putting Greens in Southern California

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

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Figure 4:

Average n = 6 reproduction factor (RF) final population/initial population of Meloidogyne marylandi on 28 crop cultivars grown in 1-liter pots 6 weeks after inoculation with 3,500 M_ marylandi eggs per pot_

Effect of soil temperature (°C) on number of days to complete the life cycle of a M_ marylandi population_

Average n=5 reproduction factor RF (number of J2 recovered/number of J2 inoculated) of a M_ marylandi population during the first five days after life cycle completion at different soil temperatures (°C)_

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