References
- Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 751–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.751
- Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2014). Communal and agentic content in social cognition: A dual perspective model. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 50, pp. 195-255). Academic Press.
- Abele, A. E., Ellemers, N., Fiske, S. T., Koch, A., & Yzerbyt, V. (2021). Navigating the social world: Toward an integrated framework for evaluating self, individuals, and groups. Psychological Review, 128(2), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000262
- Barbedor, J., Scheider, J., & Yzerbyt, V. (2024). A Novel Approach to the Evaluation of Groups: Type of Group and Facet of Evaluation Matter. Collabra: Psychology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.124471
- Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1994). Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
- Bott, A., Brockmann, L., Denneberg, I., Henken, E., Kuper, N., Kruse, F., & Degner, J. (2022). Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221100336
- Brambilla, M., & Leach, C. W. (2014). On the importance of being moral: The distinctive role of morality in social judgment. Social Cognition, 32(4), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2014.32.4.397
- Carrier, A., Dompnier, B., & Yzerbyt, V. (2019). Of Nice and Mean: The Personal Relevance of Others’ Competence Drives Perceptions of Warmth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219835213
- Collins, T., Zhu, E., & Rateau, P. (2024). The neural representation of stereotype content. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 16324. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67111-9
- Comtois, D. (2025). summarytools: Tools to quickly and neatly summarize data (Version 1.0.1) [R package]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=summarytools
- Cuddy, A. J., Fiske, S. T., Y. Kwan, V. S., Glick, P., Demoulin, S., Leyens, P., Bond, M. H., Croizet, C., Ellemers, N., Sleebos, E., Htun, T. T., Kim, J., Maio, G., Perry, J., Petkova, K., Todorov, V., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., Morales, E., Moya, M., Ziegler, R. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466608X314935
- Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P., & Beninger, A. (2010). The dynamics of warmth and competence judgments, and their outcomes in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2011.10.004
- De Houwer, J., Richetin, J., Hughes, S., Perugini, M., Vazire, S., & Corker, K. (2019). On the assumptions that we make about the world around us: A conceptual framework for feature transformation effects. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.229
- De Houwer, J., Thomas, S., & Baeyens, F. (2001). Association learning of likes and dislikes: A review of 25 years of research on human evaluative conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 127(6), 853–869. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.853
- Degner, J. (2025). Revisiting Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Questions, Challenges, and Intradisciplinary Connections. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 19(7), e70072. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.70072
- Durante, F., Fiske, S. T., Kervyn, N., Cuddy, A. J. C., Akande, A. (D.), Adetoun, B. E., Adewuyi, M. F., Tserere, M. M., Ramiah, A. A., Mastor, K. A., Barlow, F. K., Bonn, G., Tafarodi, R. W., Bosak, J., Cairns, E., Doherty, C., Capozza, D., Chandran, A., Chryssochoou, X., Storari, C. C. (2013). Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How societies mind the gap. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 726–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12005
- Fiske, S. T. (2002). What We Know Now About Bias and Intergroup Conflict, the Problem of the Century. Current Directions in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00183
- Fiske, S. T. (2018). Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure. Current Directions in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417738825
- Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
- Förderer, S., & Unkelbach, C. (2011). Beyond evaluative conditioning! Evidence for transfer of non-evaluative attributes. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(5), 479–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611398413
- Garcia-Marques, L., Ferreira, M. B., Hagá, S., Marcelo, D., Ramos, T., & Orghian, D. (2022). The Secret Life of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Emergence, Puzzles, and Accomplishments. In The Handbook of Impression Formation (pp. 116-137). Routledge.
- Garcia-Marques, L., Ferreira, M. B., Hagá, S., Marcelo, D., Ramos, T., & Orghian, D. (2022). The Secret Life of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Emergence, Puzzles, and Accomplishments. In The Handbook of Impression Formation (pp. 116-137). Routledge.
- Goodwin, G. P., Piazza, J., & Rozin, P. (2014). Moral character predominates in person perception and evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 148–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034726
- Hack, T., Goodwin, S. A., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Warmth Trumps Competence in Evaluations of Both Ingroup and Outgroup. International Journal of Science, Commerce and Humanities, 1(6), 99. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4494755/
- Hofmann, W., De Houwer, J., Perugini, M., Baeyens, F., & Crombez, G. (2010). Evaluative conditioning in humans: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 390–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018916
- Huzoaica, F. G., De Houwer, J., Perugini, M., Rusu, A., & Sava, F. A. (2025). Beyond Valence Transfer in an Evaluative Conditioning Paradigm: On the Nature of the Phenomenon and Its Relation to Personality. Collabra: Psychology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.137108
- Huzoaica, F. G., Rougier, M., De Houwer, J., Perugini, M., & Sava, F. A. (in preparation). Tell me who you’re with and I’ll tell you who you are: How spontaneous trait inference and evaluative conditioning shape impression formation. Unpublished manuscript.
- Judd, C. M., James-Hawkins, L., Yzerbyt, V., & Kashima, Y. (2005). Fundamental dimensions of social judgment: Understanding the relations between judgments of competence and warmth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 899–913. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.899
- Kassambara, A. (2023). rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. R package version 0.7.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix
- Kervyn, N., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Demoulin, S., & Judd, C. M. (2008). Competence and warmth in context: The compensatory nature of stereotypic views of national groups. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(7), 1175-1183. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.526
- Koch, A., Smith, A., Fiske, S. T., Abele, A. E., Ellemers, N., & Yzerbyt, V. (2024). Validating a brief measure of four facets of social evaluation. Behavior Research Methods, 56(8), 8521-8539. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02489-y
- Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The ascent of man: Theoretical and empirical evidence for blatant dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901–931. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000048
- Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 33267. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.33267
- Millisecond Software. (2021). Inquisit 6.5.1 [Computer software]. https://www.millisecond.com
- Moran, T., Nudler, Y., & Bar-Anan, Y. (2023). Evaluative conditioning: Past, present, and future. Annual Review of Psychology, 74, 245-269. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031815
- Pager, D., Western, B., & Bonikowski, B. (2009). Discrimination in a low-wage labor market: A field experiment. American Sociological Review, 74(5), 777-799.
- Quillian, L., & Lee, J. J. (2023). Trends in racial and ethnic discrimination in hiring in six Western countries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(11), e2212875120.
- R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org
- Revelle, W. (2024). psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. R package version 2.4.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych
- Romano, D., Costantini, G., Richetin, J., & Perugini, M. (2023). The HEXACO Adjective Scales and Its Psychometric Properties. Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911231153833
- Rougier, M., De Houwer, J., Richetin, J., Hughes, S., & Perugini, M. (2023). From Halo to Conditioning and Back Again: Exploring the Links Between Impression Formation and Learning. Collabra: Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.84560d
- Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2000). Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes and Backlash Toward Agentic Women. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 743-762. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00239
- Schultner, D. T., Stillerman, B. S., Lindström, B. R., Hackel, L. M., Hagen, D. R., Jostmann, N. B., & Amodio, D. M. (2024). Transmission of societal stereotypes to individual-level prejudice through instrumental learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(45), e2414518121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2414518121
- Strinić, A., Carlsson, M., & Agerström, J. (2022). Occupational stereotypes: Professionals´ warmth and competence perceptions of occupations. Personnel Review, 51(2), 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2020-0458
- Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 500–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.500
- Todorov, A., Mandisodza, A. N., Goren, A., & Hall, C. C. (2005). Inferences of Competence from Faces Predict Election Outcomes. Science. https://doi.org/03081623
- Uleman, J. S., Newman, L. S., & Moskowitz, G. B. (1996). People as Flexible Interpreters: Evidence and Issues from Spontaneous Trait Inference. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 211-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60239-7
- Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., & Müller, K. (2022). dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R package version 1.1.4. https://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=dplyr
- Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First Impressions. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x
- Wilson, K., & Caliskan, A. (2024, October). Gender, race, and intersectional bias in resume screening via language model retrieval. In Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (Vol. 7, pp. 1578-1590).
- Winter, L., & Uleman, J. S. (1984). When are social judgments made? Evidence for the spontaneousness of trait inferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(2), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.2.237
- Wojciszke, B., Abele, A. E., & Baryla, W. (2009). Two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes: Liking depends on communion, respect depends on agency. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 973-990.
- Yzerbyt, V., Barbedor, J., Carrier, A., & Rohmer, O. (2022). The facets of social hierarchy: How judges' legitimacy beliefs and relative status shape their evaluation of assertiveness and ability. International Review of Social Psychology, 35(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.695