Table 1
Distribution of hazard exposure, inadequate awareness (AW) and inadequate empowerment (EM) across demographic, occupational and workplace characteristics (n = 201).
| Exposure to hazard | Inadequate AW | Inadequate EM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | p value | % | p value | % | p value | |
| Vulnerability | 80.6 | 59.2 | 63.2 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 81.3 | 0.873 | 64.1 | 0.338 | 71.9 | 0.081 |
| Female | 80.3 | 56.9 | 59.1 | |||
| Age | ||||||
| <25 years | 88.9 | 0.015 | 66.7 | 0.038 | 74.4 | .002 |
| 25–34 years | 83.3 | 66.7 | 69.4 | |||
| 35–44 years | 71.4 | 51.4 | 45.7 | |||
| 45 or more years | 67.5 | 42.5 | 47.5 | |||
| Location of birth | ||||||
| Nepal | 72.2 | 0.036 | 51.4 | 0.014 | 55 | .009 |
| Outside Nepal | 87 | 68.5 | 72.8 | |||
| Literacy status | ||||||
| Literate | 81.6 | 0.645 | 48 | <.001 | 56.8 | .016 |
| Illiterate | 78.9 | 77.6 | 73.7 | |||
| Work experience in brick Kiln | ||||||
| 1–2 years | 85.2 | 0.21 | 77.8 | <.001 | 81.5 | <.001 |
| 3–5 years | 84.3 | 70.6 | 78.4 | |||
| 6–10 years | 70.6 | 56.9 | 62.7 | |||
| >10 years | 82.2 | 26.7 | 24.4 | |||
| Nature of work | ||||||
| Preparing mud & lying brick | 64.7 | 0.01 | 47.1 | <.001 | 45.1 | <.001 |
| Carrying raw bricks to kiln | 86.3 | 60.8 | 72.5 | |||
| Working inside chimney | 83.7 | 42.9 | 53.1 | |||
| Carrying out cooked brick | 88 | 86 | 82 | |||
| Size of workplace | ||||||
| <50 workers | 86 | 0.001 | 63.3 | 0.041 | 69.3 | .002 |
| >50 workers | 64.7 | 47.1 | 45.1 | |||
Table 2
Unadjusted logistic models for awareness, empowerment and overall vulnerability (n = 201).
| Vulnerability | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awareness | Empowerment | Overall | ||||
| Effect | 95%CI | Effect | 95%CI | Effect | 95%CI | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Female | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.4, 2.0 |
| Age | ||||||
| <25 years | 2.7 | 1.3, 5.8 | 3.2 | 1.5, 7.0 | 3.9 | 1.5, 9.8 |
| 25–34 years | 2.7 | 1.1, 6.9 | 2.5 | 0.9, 6.4 | 2.4 | 0.8, 7.2 |
| 35–44 years | 1.4 | 0.6, 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.4, 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.5, 3.2 |
| 45 or more years | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Origin | ||||||
| Native | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Non-native | 2.1 | 1.2, 3.7 | 2.2 | 1.2, 4.0 | 2.2 | 1.0, 4.6 |
| Literacy status | ||||||
| Literate | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3, 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.6, 2.4 |
| Illiterate | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Work experience in brick Kiln | ||||||
| 1–2 years | 9.6 | 3.8, 24.2 | 13.6 | 5.2, 35.7 | 1.3 | 0.5, 3.7 |
| 3–5 years | 6.6 | 2.7, 16.1 | 11.2 | 4.3, 29.1 | 1.1 | 0.4, 3.4 |
| 6–10 years | 3.6 | 1.5, 8.6 | 5.2 | 2.1, 12.6 | 0.5 | 0.2, 1.4 |
| >10 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Nature of work | ||||||
| Preparing mud & lying brick | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Carrying raw bricks to kiln | 1.7 | 0.8, 3.8 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 1.3, 9.2 |
| Working inside chimney | 0.8 | 0.4, 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 1.1, 7.2 |
| Carrying out cooked brick | 6.9 | 2.6, 18.2 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 4 | 1.4, 11.2 |
| Size of workplace | ||||||
| <50 workers | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| >50 workers | 0.5 | 0.3, 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.2, 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.6 |