Table 1
History of the development of Occupational Health in Central Asia.
| Author/date | Type of publication | Language | Topic/focus/questions | Time period | Place | Highlights |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malan RM. (1963) | Journal article | Eng | History of OH in Eastern Europe (USSR): OHS services, education and research | 19–20 CE | Russia, USSR | The role of A.N. Nikitin and F.Erisman as pioneers of IH and OH |
| Mohammadali M. et al. (2007) | Journal article | Eng | Review of major influential Persian periods and the individuals who contributed to the development of anatomy | 10 BC–14 AD | Persia, Central Asia | direct involvement of Avicenna, Rhazes and other scholars in human dissection |
| Azizi. M-H. (2007) | Journal article | Eng | Contributions of Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine” and Rhazes’s “Liber Continens” to the development of otorhinolaryngology | 865–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Rhaze’s tracheostomy technique, description of pollynosis Avicenna’s view on anatomy, hygiene, infectious diseases of ENT and its treatment |
| Modanlou HD. (2008) | Journal article | Eng | Analysis of the chapter of Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine” about the care of newborns | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Description of Avicenna’s view on care of infants, their hygiene (bathing, swaddling, etc), breastfeeding and upbringing |
| Nayernouri T, Azizi M. (2011) | Journal article | Eng | Analysis of the text of the oldest known medical treatise in Persian language | 800–1110 AD | Central Asia | Medicine defined as an art of maintaining a healthy body. The role of diet, hygiene and sport. Clinical description of meningitis, surgical operation of short frenum |
| Nejabat M, et al. (2012) | Journal article | Eng | Contribution of Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine” to diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases | 980–1037 AD | Central Asia | Avicenna’s classification and diagnostics of cataracts |
| Zargaran A, et al. (2013) | Journal article | Eng | Focused on of Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine”, his description of definitions and etiology, diagnostics, clinical manifestations, prognosis of stroke | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Concurrency of Avicenna’s definitions and understanding of stroke with current concepts |
| Nayernouri T. (2015) | Journal article | Eng | History of Iranian Medicine, surgery and pharmacology including input of Avicenna | V BC–1122 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Place of Persian medicine and the role of Avicenna in the history of medicine |
| Ghaffari F, et al. (2015) | Journal article | Eng | Avicenna’s viewpoint on spinal trauma and its treatment in his “Canon of Medicine” | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Description of levels and kinds of spinal impairments caused by spinal traumas; its treatment based on etiology. Usage of different treatment methods (food and drug therapy, massage, phlebotomy, cupping, dry sauna, and surgery). |
| Buranova DD. 2015 | Journal article | Eng | Short biography of Avicenna, his contribution to the development of the world’s medicine | 980–1037 AD | Uzbekistan | Avicenna’s view on drug therapy; concurrency of his concepts to the modern medicine |
| Sadykova JM, et al. (2015) | Journal article | Eng | Needs analysis for retraining and advanced training of specialists in OHS in Kazakhstan | 2015 | Kazakhstan | Description and assessment of the existing training programs Recommendations to improve training programs |
| Moradi Z, et al. (2016) | Journal article | Eng | Avicenna’s views on the causes of intestinal obstruction and their comparison to current views | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | There are some missing etiologies of intestinal obstruction in modern medicine |
| Dalfardi B, et al. (2017) | Journal article | Eng | Focused on of Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine”, his description of transmission route, clinical manifestation and treatment of infectious diseases | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Detailed description of rabies among a number of infectious diseases. The role of control of insects and rodents, supervision of domestic animals |
| Goncharenko YuF, Chernobrova OV. (1982) | Journal article | Russian | History of development of the subject “occupational diseases” with stress on Russian and USSR period of developments | 1700–1980 | Russia, the USSR | The role of Russian doctors, scientists and Russian Emperors in the establishment of scientific school of industrial hygiene and studies of occupational diseases |
| Voskresenskaia NP, Bylinskiĭ EN. (2003) | Journal article | Russian | The history of preventive medicine with the focus on Russian and USSR developments | 1714–2000 | the USSR, Russian federation | The role of Petr I and Anna Empress in the development of preventive medicine |
| Izmerov NF. (2006) | Journal article | Russian | The role of G.V. Khlopin in the development of the Russian and Soviet school of occupational health | 1900–1925 | Russia, the USSR | Khlopin’s large-scale experimental work on the effect of industrial poisons on the body, the physiology of labor (energy expenditure) |
| Izmerov NF. (2009) | Journal article | Russian | Role of F.F. Erisman in development of occupational hygiene | 1841–1915 | Russia | Results of the first big examination of Russian workers |
| Otarbayeva MB. (2015) | Journal article | Russian | Role of Kazakh National center for industrial hygiene and occupational diseases in training of occupational therapists in Kazakhstan | 1950–2015 | Kazakhstan | Current issues of preparation of specialists in OHS in Kazakhstan. History of the National Center for IH and OD |
| Shigan EE. (2016) | Journal article | Russian | Analysis of main works of F. Erisman, their significance | 19 CE | Russia | The role of F. Erismann in the development of OH as a science and discipline |
| Shigan EE. (2016) | Journal article | Russian | Main stages of the development of Preventive medicine, the role of G.V. Khlopin, F. Erisman, A.A. Nikitin and others in history of OHS in USSR | 19–20 CE | Russia, the USSR | The role of G.V. Khlopin in OHS history; Main publications of N.A. Nikitin |
| Avicenna | Book | Eng | Knowledge presented by Canon Basic and special differences between Canon and modern medicine | 980–1037 AD | Central Asia | Basic and special differences between Canon and modern medicine |
| Avicenna (World Digital Library | Book | Eng, Arabic | Anatomy of human body, philosophy of well-being of a man, causes of disease, manifestations, treatment, dietetics, hygiene, environment al factors etc | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Role of environmental factors, including working conditions Metal poisonings, their treatment |
| Gutas D. (2016) | Encyclopedia | Eng | Biography of Avicenna, his contribution to the development of the world’s medicine, philosophy, ethics. His works | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Philosophy of Avicenna, his view on Logic, Empiricism and Metaphysics. His works |
| Waldron HA. (1989) | Textbook | Eng | History, developments of occupational health practice | 1700s | Worldwide, Russia | The role of F. Erisman in the development of occupational hygiene and health |
| Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) 1979 | Book | Russian | Anatomy of human body, philosophy of well-being of a man, causes of disease, manifestations, treatment, dietetics, hygiene, environment al factors etc | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Role of environmental factors, including working conditions. Metal poisonings, their treatment |
| Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) (1980; 1982) | Book | Russian | Anatomy of human body, philosophy of well-being of a man, causes of disease, manifestations, treatment, dietetics, hygiene, environment al factors etc | 980–1037 AD | Persia, Central Asia | Role of environmental factors, including working conditions Metal poisonings, their treatment |
| Kosarev VV, Babanov SA., (2010) | Textbook | Russian | History, etiology, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment and prevention main of occupational diseases | 1760–1780 | Russia | Ventilation and fastening of mining workings by M.V. Lomonosov |
| Izmerov NF. (2011) | National guideline | Russian | History, etiology, manifestations, diagnostics, treatment and prevention main of occupational diseases | 1700s | Russia | Focus on workers’ health protection in Russia in 18th century |
Table 2
The summary of description of curricula and syllabi in Occupational Health and related subjects in Central Asian countries.
| Kazakhstan | Kyrgyzstan | Tajikistan | Uzbekistan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curricula (total numbers) | ||||
| Medical universities | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Technical universities | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Pedagogical universities | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Syllabi (total number) | ||||
| Medical universities | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Features of course syllabi: | Labor Hygiene | Labor Hygiene | Labor Hygiene | Labor Hygiene |
| Credits: 10.2 Focus areas:
| Credits: 6 Focus areas:
| Credits: 6.6 Focus areas:
| Credits: 9.5 Focus areas:
| |
| Occupational Health | Occupational Health | Occupational Health | Occupational Health | |
| Credits: 3 Focus areas:
| Credits: 1.75 Focus areas:
| Credits: 2 Focus areas:
| Credits: 3 Focus areas:
| |
| Technical universities | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Features of syllabi: | Total: 7–8 credits Subjects:
| Total: 7–8 credits Subjects:
| Total: 7–8 credits Subjects:
| Total: 8.5–9.4 credits Subjects:
|
| CPD training on Occupational Safety 1–2 credits Retraining course for labor protection & safety: 7credits | CPD training on Occupational Safety 1–2 credits Retraining course for labor protection & safety: 7credits | CPD training on Occupational Safety 1–2 credits Retraining course for labor protection & safety: 7credits | CPD training on Occupational Safety 1–2 credits Retraining course for labor protection & safety: 7credits | |
| Pedagogical universities | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Features: | Life Safety 5 credits | Life Safety 4 credits | Life Safety 4 credits | Life Safety 4 credits |