Figure 1
Literature search flow diagram.
Table 1
Epidemiological articles with Latin American children, according to country and chemical compound 1994–2014 (n = 409).
| Chemical compounds | Country | (n) | References (Appendix 2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Only lead | Mexico | 63 | (1–63) |
| Brazil | 19 | (64–82) | |
| Other1 | 44 | (83–126) | |
| Inorganic* | Mexico | 37 | (127–163) |
| Brazil | 37 | (164–200) | |
| Other2 | 39 | (201–239) | |
| Air pollutants** | Mexico | 51 | (240–290) |
| Brazil | 25 | (291–315) | |
| Other3 | 30 | (316–345) | |
| Organochlorines | Mexico | 31 | (346–376) |
| Brazil | 4 | (377–380) | |
| Other4 | 8 | (381–388) | |
| Organophosphates | Mexico | 5 | (389–393) |
| Ecuador | 5 | (394–398) | |
| Other5 | 3 | (399–401) | |
| Organic*** | Mexico | 4 | (402–405) |
| Other6 | 4 | (406–409) |
[i] * Arsenic, fluorine, manganese, iron, selenium, zinc, mercury, chromium, nickel, silver, gold, cadmium, barium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum.
** Ozone, PM, carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds.
*** Polychlorinated and polybrominated compounds, phthalates, petroleum hydrocarbons.
1 Ecuador, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Colombia, Jamaica, Argentina, Venezuela, Belize, Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago.
2 Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay.
3 Guatemala, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Argentina.
4 Nicaragua, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras.
5 Argentina, Costa Rica, El Salvador.
6 Brasil, Chile, Ecuador, Nicaragua.
Figure 2
Articles of environmental child’s health by year and selected characteristics (n = 409).
1 Arsenic, fluorine, manganese, iron, selenium, zinc, mercury, chromium, nickel, silver, gold, cadmium, barium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum; 2 Ozone, PM, carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds; 3 Polybrominated compounds, phthalates, petroleum hydrocarbons; 4 Retrospective panel cross-sectional, case-control, retrospective cohort; 5 Prospective panel, case-cohort, nested case-control, prospective cohort; 6 Randomized and non-randomized trials; 7 Erythro porphyrin levels, bilirubin, calcium absorption, cholinesterase activity, biomarkers of inflammation.
Table 2
Variables associated with journal impact factora where articles were published.
| Variables | (n) | β | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Financial support | |||
| Noneb | (91) | Ref. | |
| National | (124) | 1.21 | 0.10 |
| International | (194) | 2.01 | 0.00 |
| Study Design | |||
| Retrospectivec | (312) | Ref. | |
| Prospectived | (97) | 1.34 | 0.00 |
| Health effects | |||
| No | (172) | Ref. | |
| Yes | (237) | 1.33 | 0.00 |
[i] a Log-transformed.
b Authors did not report any financial support.
c Ecological, Cross-sectional, retrospective panel, case-control, retrospective cohort.
d Prospective panel, case–cohort, nested case-control, prospective cohort, randomized and non-randomized trials.
Figure 3
Network of first and corresponding authors in 409 articles on children environmental health in Latin America.
Arrows start from the first to the corresponding author. Letters indicae models of collaboration: A) Centralized, B) Distributed.
Figure 4
Network of authors and correspondents in 409 articles on children’s environmental health in Latin America, by country.
Arrows start from the first to the corresponding author.