Table 1
Study population characteristics.
| Parameter | % |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 2 (0–4)a |
| Sex | |
| Male | 55 |
| Female | 45 |
| Size | |
| Low | 14 |
| Slightly low | 19 |
| Normal | 64 |
| Slightly high | 2 |
| High | 1 |
| Nutritional Status | |
| Severe malnutrition | 0 |
| Moderate malnutrition | 9 |
| Mild malnutrition | 12 |
| Healthy weight | 75 |
| Overweight | 3 |
| Obesity | 1 |
[i] a Median (range).
Table 2
Health problems in children.
| Outcome | % |
|---|---|
| Family history of the respiratory pathologya | |
| Asthma | 20 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 16 |
| Bronchitis | 2 |
| Pulmonary emphysema | 1 |
| Tuberculosis | 1 |
| Personal history of respiratory or allergic pathologya | |
| Asthma | 11 |
| Bronchitis or bronchiolitis | 7 |
| Pneumonia or bronchopneumonía | 5 |
| Dermatitis | 1 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 1 |
| Tuberculosis | 0 |
| Wheezing presence | 27 |
| Presence of wheezing in the last 12 months | 22 |
| Number of episodes of wheezing in the last 12 months | |
| 1–3 | 12 |
| 4–12 | 10 |
| >12 | 0 |
| Nocturnal wheezing | |
| None | 92 |
| <1 per week | 7 |
| >1 per week | 1 |
| Wheezes that make speech difficult | 6 |
| Wheezing related to physical activity | 4 |
| Night cough | 16 |
| Suspected vector-borne disease | 54 |
| Suspected parasitosis | 45 |
[i] a Some patients present 2 or more antecedents simultaneously.
Table 3
Environmental characteristics of housing where children live.
| Characteristic | % |
|---|---|
| Perception of food quality | |
| Appropiate | 19 |
| Doubtful | 81 |
| Outdoor air quality perception | |
| Clean | 50 |
| Contaminated | 50 |
| Indoor air quality perception | |
| Clean | 3 |
| Contaminated | 97 |
| Drinking water quality perception | |
| Drinking water | 47 |
| Median | 53 |
| Other use water quality perception | |
| Drinking water | 33 |
| Median | 67 |
| Chemical exposure perception | |
| Low risk | 78 |
| Medium risk | 22 |
| Geographic area | |
| Low risk | 96 |
| Medium risk | 4 |
| Adequate quality of housing construction | 10 |
| Adequate ground/floor | 80 |
| Adequate excreta disposition | 40 |
| Adequate trash disposition | 16 |
| Noise | |
| Low | 96 |
| Medium | 4 |
| Vehicular traffic | |
| Low | 99 |
| Medium | 1 |
Table 4
Housing environmental problems.
| Characteristic | % |
|---|---|
| Overcrowding | |
| <3 people sleeping in the same room | 26 |
| >3 people sleeping in the same room | 74 |
| Biomass consumption | |
| >5 times per week | 91 |
| <5 times per week | 1 |
| <1 times per week | 0 |
| <1 times per month | 3 |
| None | 5 |
| Smoking | 28 |
| Use of pesticides | 80 |
| Intradomiciliary | 15 |
| In animals | 1 |
| Own crop | 54 |
| Neighboring crop | 10 |
| Accidents | 23 |
| Car accident | 0 |
| Burn accident | 7 |
| Chemical accident | 3 |
| Food poisoning | 6 |
| Extreme temperatures | 4 |
| Poisonous animal | 7 |
Table 5
Association between respiratory problems and environmental house conditions.
| Environmental characteristic | Category | Respiratory pathology antecedent | Wheezing presence | Wheezing in the last 12 months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Absent | ||
| Indoor air quality perception | Contaminated | 14 | 83 | 25 | 72 | 20 | 77 |
| Clean | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| p* | 0.065 | 0.176 | 0.120 | ||||
| Overcrowding | Present | 11 | 63 | 20 | 54 | 15 | 59 |
| Absent | 5 | 21 | 7 | 19 | 7 | 19 | |
| p* | 0.756 | 0.991 | 0.483 | ||||
| Use of firewood | Present | 14 | 79 | 25 | 70 | 20 | 75 |
| Absent | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
| p* | 0.310 | 0.410 | 0.302 | ||||
| Burning trash | Present | 15 | 82 | 26 | 71 | 21 | 76 |
| Absent | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| p* | 0.410 | 0.615 | 0.529 | ||||
[i] * Exact Fisher test applied.
Table 6
Association between suspected case of vector-borne disease and suspected case of parasitosis with environmental house conditions.
| Environmental characteristics | Category | Suspected case of vector-borne disease | Suspected case of parasitosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Absent | Present | Absent | ||
| Quality construction of housing perception | Inadequate | 53 | 37 | 45 | 45 |
| Adequate | 1 | 9 | 0 | 10 | |
| p* | 0.005 | 0.002 | |||
| Quality of drinking water perception | Contaminated | 33 | 34 | 29 | 25 |
| Potable | 21 | 12 | 16 | 30 | |
| p* | 0.176 | 0.05 | |||
| Overcrowding | Present | 41 | 33 | 37 | 37 |
| Absent | 13 | 13 | 8 | 18 | |
| p* | 0.635 | 0.091 | |||
| Quality of food perception | Adequate | 42 | 12 | 6 | 13 |
| Medium | 39 | 7 | 39 | 42 | |
| p* | 0.394 | 0.193 | |||
| Soil | Inadequate | 13 | 7 | 14 | 6 |
| Adequate | 41 | 39 | 31 | 49 | |
| p* | 0.272 | 0.012 | |||
| Excreta management | Inadequate | 35 | 35 | 34 | 26 |
| Adequate | 19 | 21 | 11 | 29 | |
| p* | 0.801 | 0.004 | |||
[i] * Exact Fisher test applied.