Are Nigerian Women Pro-Active about Noncommunicable Disease Prevention? A Quantitative Survey

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
Age (years)
<21	55	17.08%
21–30	112	34.78%
31–40	69	21.43%
41–50	34	10.56%
51–60	32	9.94%
>60	20	6.21%
TOTAL	322	100%
MEAN ± S.D	34.24 ± 13.54
Ethnicity
Yoruba	222	68.94%
Igbo	70	21.74%
Hausa	8	2.48%
Others	22	6.83%
Total	322	100%
Religion
Christianity	249	77.33%
Islam	73	22.67%
Total	322	100%
Level of education
None	23	7.14%
Primary	13	4.04%
Secondary	80	24.84%
Post-secondary	206	63.98%
Total	322	100%
Marital status
Never married	121	37.58%
Married/co-habiting	185	57.45%
Widowed/separated/divorced	16	4.97%
Total	322	100%
Employment status
Employed	202	62.73%
Unemployed	120	37.27%
Total	322	100%
Estimated monthly income (Naira)
<18,000	124	38.51%
>18,000–<40,000	83	25.78%
>40,000–<60,000	38	11.80%
>60,000–<80,000	16	4.97%
>80,000–<100,000	13	4.04%
>100,000	48	14.91%
Total	322	100%

Table 2

Awareness of specified diseases and preventive health services.

Disease (n = 322)	Freq (%)
High blood pressure	314 (97.52)
Breast cancer	306 (95.03)
Diabetes mellitus	306 (95.03)
Refractive errors	236 (73.29)
Cervical cancer	225 (69.88)
Dental caries	222 (68.94)
Hyperlipidemia	217 (67.39)
Cataract	212 (65.84)
Glaucoma	171 (53.11)
Preventive health services/test (n = 322)	Freq (%)
Blood pressure measurement	307 (95.34)
Blood sugar test	300 (93.17)
Self-breast examination	253 (78.57)
Clinical breast examination	233 (72.36)
Lipid profile	181 (56.21)
Pap smear	157 (48.76)
BMI calculation	152 (47.20)
Mammogram	142 (44.10)
HPV vaccination	139 (43.17)
Waist circumference measurement	119 (36.96)
VIA/VILI	71 (22.05)

[i] * Multiple responses allowed.

Table 3

Sources of information on specified preventive health services.

Variable	Healthcare workers (%)	Electronic media (%)	Social media (%)	Print media (%)	Family (%)	Place of work (%)	Others (%)
Self-breast examination (n = 253)	196 (77.47)	100 (39.53)	56 (22.13)	56 (22.13)	42 (16.60)	27 (10.67)	27 (10.67)
Clinical breast examination (n = 233)	184 (78.97)	75 (29.64)	48 (20.60)	44 (18.88)	29 (12.44)	23 (9.87)	26 (11.16)
Mammogram (n = 142)	110 (77.46)	55 (38.73)	38 (26.76)	44 (30.99)	23 (16.20)	21 (14.79)	24 (16.90)
Pap smear (n = 157)	127 (80.89)	52 (33.12)	34 (21.66)	40 (25.48)	23 (14.65)	20 (12.74)	23 (14.65)
HPV vaccination (n = 139)	111 (79.86)	42 (30.21)	25 (17.99)	27 (19.42)	18 (12.95)	17 (12.23)	21 (15.11)
VIA/VILI (n = 71)	54 (76.06)	27 (38.03)	16 (22.54)	21 (29.58)	12 (16.90)	15 (21.13)	15 (21.13)
Blood sugar test (n = 300)	244 (81.33)	97 (32.33)	43 (14.33)	51 (17.00)	45 (15.00)	27 (9.00)	25 (8.33)
Blood pressure test (n = 307)	249 (81.10)	98 (31.92)	51 (16.61)	61 (19.87)	58 (18.87)	36 (11.73)	24 (7.82)
Lipid profile (n = 181)	155 (85.64)	62 (34.25)	30 (16.57)	41 (22.65)	26 (14.36)	27 (14.92)	24 (13.26)
(BMI) evaluation (n = 152)	119 (78.29)	41 (26.97)	27 (17.76)	31 (20.39)	23 (15.13)	23 (15.13)	21 (13.82)
Waist circumference (n = 119)	97 (81.51)	30 (25.21)	25 (21.01)	24 (20.17)	15 (12.61)	15 (12.61)	22 (18.49)

[i] * Multiple responses allowed.

Table 4

Knowledge on the specified preventive healthcare services.

Variable	Disease which the preventive service is diagnosing (%)	Ideal age to begin the preventive service (%)	Ideal frequency for the preventive service (%)
Self breast examination (n = 253)
correct	178 (70.36)	55 (21.74)	41 (16. 21)
incorrect	75 (29.64)	198 (78.26)	212 (83.79)
Clinical breast examination (n = 233)
correct	157 (67.38)	43 (18.46)	20 (8.58)
incorrect	76 (32.62)	190 (81.54)	213 (91.42)
Mammogram (n = 142)
correct	83 (58.45)	15 (10.56)	4 (2.82)
incorrect	9 (41.55)	127 (89.44)	138 (97.18)
Pap smear (n = 157)
correct	83 (52.87)	5 (3.19)	9 (5.73)
incorrect	74 (47.13)	152 (96.81)	148 (94.26)
VIA/VILI (n = 71)
correct	13 (18.31)	2 (2.82)	2 (2.82)
incorrect	58 (81.69)	69 (97.18)	69 (97.18)
Blood sugar test (n = 300)
correct	156 (52.00)	4 (1.33)	2 (0.67)
incorrect	144(48.00)	296 (98.67)	298 (99.33)
Blood pressure test (n = 307)
correct	148 (48.21)	30 (9.77)	2 (0.65)
incorrect	159 (51.79)	277(90.23)	305 (99.35)
Lipid profile (n = 181)
correct	86 (47.51)	14 (7.73)	1 (0.55)
incorrect	95 (52.49)	167 (92.27)	180 (99.45)
BMI evaluation (n = 152)
correct	58 (38.16)	10 (6.58)	1 (0.66)
incorrect	94 (61.84)	142 (93.42)	151 (99.34)
Waist circumference (n = 119)
correct	40 (33.61)	6 (5.04)	1 (0.84)
incorrect	79 (66.39)	113 (94.96)	118 (99.16)
HPV vaccination (n = 139)
correct	51 (36.69)	12 (8.63)	12 (8.63)
incorrect	88 (63.31)	127 (91.34)	127 (91.34)

Table 5

Utilization of preventive healthcare services.

Preventive healthcare services utilized by the respondents	Yes (%)	No (%)	Number of times in the past year	Frequency (%)
Self breast examination (n = 253)	177 (69.96)	76 (30.04)	<1	34 (19.21)
			≥1	143 (80.79)
Clinical breast examination (n = 233)	105 (45.06)	128 (54.94)	<1	52 (49.52)
			≥1	53 (50.48)
Mammogram (n = 142)	21 (14.79)	121 (85.21)	<1	11 (52.38)
			≥1	10 (47.62)
VIA/VILI (n = 71)	14 (19.72)	57 (80.28)	<1	8 (57.14)
			≥1	6 (48.86)
Blood sugar test (n = 300)	175 (58.33)	125 (41.67)	<1	98 (56.00)
			≥1	77 (44.00)
Blood pressure test (n = 307)	240 (78.18)	67 (21.82)	<1	129 (53.75)
			≥1	111 (46.25)
Lipid profile (n = 181)	68 (37.57)	113 (62.43)	<1	43 (63.24)
			≥1	25 (36.76)
BMI evaluation (n = 152)	87 (57.24)	65 (42.76)	<1	58 (66.67)
			≥1	29 (33.33)
Waist circumference (n = 119)	33 (27.73)	86 (72.27)	<1	22 (66.67)
			≥1	11 (33.33)
Dental checkup (n = 309)	132 (42.72)	177 (57.28)	<1	89 (67.42)
			≥1	43 (32.58)
Eye checkup (n = 316)	143 (45.25)	173 (54.75)	<1	90 (62.94)
			≥1	53 (37.06)
			Number of times in the past 3 years
Pap smear (n = 157)	41 (26.11)	116 (73.89)	1	23 (56.10)
			2	12 (29.27)
			3	5 (12.20)
			>3	1 (2.43)
			Number of doses
HPV vaccination (n = 139)	23 (16.55)	116 (83.45)	1	4 (17.39)
			2	5 (21.74)
			3	12 (52.17)
			4	2 (8.70)

Table 6

Association between the respondents’ socio-demographic variables and knowledge of preventive healthcare services.

Variable	Knowledge of preventive health services
Variable	Poor (%)	Good (%)	Total (%)	X² & P value
Age (Years)
18–40	233 (89.73)	3 (1.27)	236 (100.00)	X² = 1.10
41–65	86 (100.00)	0 (0.00)	86 (100.00)	Fisher’s P = 0.567
Total	319 (99.07)	3 (0.93)	322 (100.00)
Level of education
≤Secondary education	116 (100.00)	0 (0.00)	116 (100.00)	X² = 1.71
Post-secondary	203 (98.54)	3 (1.46)	206 (100.00)	Fisher’s P = 0.556
Total	319 (99.07)	3 (0.93)	322(100.00)
Marital status
Not married	135 (98.54)	2 (1.46)	137 (100.00)	X² = 0.72
Married/co-habiting	184 (99.46)	1 (0.54)	185 (100.00)	Fisher’s P = 0.577
Total	319 (99.07)	3 (0.93)	322 (100.00)
Employment status
Employed	201 (99.50)	1 (0.50)	202 (100.00)	X² = 1.12
Unemployed	118 (98.33)	2 (1.67)	120 (100.00)	Fisher’s P = 0.558
Total	319 (99.07)	3 (0.93)	322 (100.00)
Estimated monthly income
≤18,000 Naira	123 (99.19)	1 (0.81)	124 (100.00)	X² = 0.03
>18,000 Naira	196 (98.99	2 (1.01)	198 (100.00)	Fisher’s P = 1.000
Total	319 (99.07)	3 (0.93)	322 (100.00)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2355 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996

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Language: English

Published on: Mar 15, 2019

Published by: Ubiquity Press

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© 2019 Oluwatoyin Aribike, Ifeoma Okafor, Alero Roberts, Tinuola Odugbemi, published by Ubiquity Press
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Volume 85 (2019): Issue 1