Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the studied workers in small (n = 371) and medium (n = 340) enterprises.
| Variable | Small (1–24 employees) | Medium (25–99 employees) | P-value* | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 52.5 (16.6) | 47.5 (15.2) | < 0.001** | 50.1 (15.2) |
| (Max-Min) | (58–16) | (56–21) | (58–16) | |
| Work experience (year) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.7 (17.05) | 14.2 (11.85) | < 0.001** | 17.95 (14.45) |
| (Max-Min) | (37–1) | (30–1) | (37–1) | |
| Marital Status No. (percent) | ||||
| Single | 84 (22.64) | 81 (23.8) | 0.709 | 165 (23.21) |
| Married | 287 (77.36) | 259 (76.17) | 546 (76.79) | |
| Education No. (percent) | ||||
| Middle School (9 years of education) | 200 (53.91) | 110 (32.35) | 310 (43.60) | |
| Diploma (12 years of education) | 171 (46.09) | 230 (67.65) | < 0.001** | 401 (56.40) |
| Shift-worker No. (percent) | 10 (2.69) | 165 (48.53) | < 0.001** | 175 (24.61) |
| Occupational medical examinations No. (percent) | 28 (7.53) | 177 (52.06) | < 0.001** | 205 (28.83) |
| Accident experience No. (percent) | 224 (60.37) | 176 (51.76) | 0.020** | 400 (56.26) |
[i] * T test and Chi-square test.
** p < 0.05.
Figure 1
Comparison of the percentage of accident types.
Figure 2
Comparison of the percentage of accidents in different parts of the body.
Table 2
Frequency of self-reported uncontrolled harmful agents among studied small (n = 371) and medium (n = 340) enterprises.
| Harmful Agents | No. (Percent) | P-value* | Total No. (Percent) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small (1–24 employees) | Medium (25–99 employees) | |||
| Physical agents: | ||||
| Noise and vibration | 237 (63.88) | 282 (82.94) | <0.001** | 519 (73) |
| Insufficient lighting | 61 (16.44) | 92 (27.05) | <0.001** | 153 (21.52) |
| Radiation | 44 (11.76) | 72 (21.17) | <0.001** | 116 (16.31) |
| Heat stress | 113 (30.46) | 181 (53.23) | <0.001** | 294 (41.35) |
| Chemical agents: | ||||
| Liquid chemical | 196 (52.83) | 180 (52.94) | 1.106 | 376 (52.88) |
| Solid chemical | 178 (47.98) | 205 (60.29) | <0.001** | 383 (53.86) |
| Fume and smoke | 123 (33.15) | 176 (51.76) | <0.001** | 299 (42.05) |
| Chemical vapors | 115 (31) | 205 (60.11) | <0.001** | 320 (45) |
| Particles | 208 (56.06) | 269 (79.11) | <0.001** | 477 (67.08) |
| Ergonomics: | ||||
| Excessive force | 292 (78.7) | 264 (77.64) | 0.732 | 556 (78.19) |
| Awkward posture | 308 (83) | 258 (75.88) | 0.018** | 566 (79.60) |
| Prolonged standing | 340 (91.64) | 304 (89.41) | 0.308 | 644 (90.57) |
| Manual material handling (MMH) | 41 (11.05) | 40 (11.76) | 0.764 | 81 (11.39) |
[i] * Chi-square.
** p < 0.05.
Table 3
Self-reported occupational health problems among studied small (n = 371) and medium (n = 340) enterprises.
| Occupational Symptoms | No. (Percent) | P-value* | Total No. (Percent) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small (1–24 employees) | Medium (25–99 employees) | |||
| Eye problems | 195 (52.56) | 208 (61.18) | 0.020** | 403 (56.68) |
| Skin irritation | 184 (49.60) | 196 (57.65) | 0.031** | 380 (53.44) |
| Hearing problems | 121 (32.61) | 149 (43.82) | 0.002** | 270 (37.97) |
| Headache | 155 (41.78) | 123 (36.18) | 0.126 | 278 (39.09) |
| Respiratory symptoms | 117 (31.54) | 156 (45.88) | <0.001** | 273 (38.39) |
| Mental disorders | 228 (61.46) | 211 (62.06) | 0.870 | 439 (61.74) |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 269 (72.50) | 249 (73.23) | 0.827 | 518 (72.85) |
[i] * Chi-square.
** p < 0.05.