Figure 1
Location map of the study area.
Table 1
Characteristics of human rabies exposure cases in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016 (N = 368).
| Risk factors | No. of human rabies exposures | % | Standard error | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0–4 | 45 | 12.2 | 1.7 | 9.2–16.0 |
| 5–14 | 159 | 43.2 | 2.6 | 38.2–48.3 | |
| 15–24 | 48 | 13.0 | 1.7 | 9.9–16.9 | |
| 25–34 | 42 | 11.4 | 1.6 | 8.5–15.1 | |
| 35–44 | 30 | 8.1 | 1.4 | 5.7–11.4 | |
| 45–54 | 29 | 7.8 | 1.4 | 5.5–11.1 | |
| 55–64 | 9 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 1.3–4.6 | |
| 65+ | 6 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.7–3.5 | |
| Sex | Male | 232 | 63 | 2.5 | 58.0–67.8 |
| Female | 136 | 37 | 2.5 | 32.1–42.0 | |
| Residence | Urban | 53 | 14.4 | 1.8 | 11.2–18.4 |
| Rural | 315 | 85.6 | 1.8 | 81.6–88.8 | |
| Site of bite | Heads | 3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.2–2.5 |
| Limbs | 361 | 98.1 | 0.7 | 96.1–99.1 | |
| Torso | 4 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.4–2.9 | |
| Category of exposure | II | 209 | 56.8 | 2.5 | 51.7–61.8 |
| III | 159 | 43.2 | 2.5 | 38.2–48.3 | |
| Ownership of biting dog | Owned | 72 | 19.6 | 2.1 | 15.8–24.0 |
| Stray | 296 | 80.4 | 2.1 | 76.0–84.2 | |
| Provocation of dogs | Provoked | 13 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 2.1–6.0 |
| unprovoked | 355 | 96.5 | 0.9 | 94.0–98.0 | |
| Vaccination of dogs | Vaccinated | 52 | 14.1 | 1.8 | 10.9–18.1 |
| Unvaccinated | 316 | 85.9 | 1.8 | 81.9–89.1 |
[i] CI: Confidence Interval.
Figure 2
Spatial distribution of human rabies exposure.
Figure 3
Hotspots and coldspots of human rabies exposure in Northwestern Tigray.
Figure 4
Human rabies exposure distribution by season in Northwestern Tigray, 2016.
Figure 5
Month wise trend analysis of human rabies exposure distribution in Northwestern Tigray, 2016.