Mobile Phone Based Strategies for Preconception Education in Rural Africa

Zemenu Yohannes Kassa; Zelalem Tenaw; Ayalew Astatkie; Melese Siyoum; Gezahegn Bekele; Kefyalew Taye; Shewangizaw Mekonnen; Zerai Kassaye

doi:10.5334/aogh.2566

Mobile Phone Based Strategies for Preconception Education in Rural Africa

Volume 85 (2019): Issue 1

By: Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Zelalem Tenaw, Ayalew Astatkie, Melese Siyoum, Gezahegn Bekele, Kefyalew Taye, Shewangizaw Mekonnen and Zerai Kassaye

Open Access

|Jul 2019

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics of women who gave birth at government hospitals in the Wolayta zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Variables	(n = 370)	Frequency	Percentage
Age	15–19	26	7
	20–24	122	33
	25–29	149	40.3
30–34	55	14.9
35–38	18	4.9
Religion	Orthodox	112	30.3
	Muslim	10	2.7
	Protestant	238	64.3
Catholic	8	2.2
Jehovah witness	2	0.5
Ethnicity	Wolayita	340	91.9
	Amara	6	1.6
	Oromo	5	1.4
Gamo	12	3.2
Others®	7	1.9
Marital status	Married	363	98.1
Marital status	Single	5	1.4
Widowed	2	0.5
Occupation of The mother	House wife	258	69.7
	Government employed	34	9.2
	Private employed	13	3.5
Merchant	54	14.6
Daily labor	7	1.9
Farmer	4	1.1
Occupation of spouse	Farmer	123	33.2
	Government employed	80	21.6
	Private employed	45	12.2
	Daily labor	14	3.8
	Merchant	103	27.8
	Other	5	1.4
Residency	Urban	162	43.8
	Rural	208	56.2
Monthly income	<1313Ethiobirr (<59.7USD)	198	53.5
	<1313Ethiobirr (<59.7USD)	172	46.5
Family size	1–2	63	12.4
	3–5	369	72.4
	6–9	78	15.3
Educational status of woman	Informal education	110	29.7
	Primary school complete	151	40.8
	Secondary school and above	109	29.5
Educational status of spouse	Informal education	53	14.3
	Primary school complete	129	43
	Secondary school and above	158	42.7
Communication	Have radio	248	67
	Have Television	100	27
	Have Mobile	202	54.6
	Have health care providers as a relative	136	36.8
	Have regular community meeting regarding maternal health	89	24.1
	Have meeting with health extension worker	181	48.9
	Have health care providers as a friend	109	29.5
Time taken to reach health institution	<30 minutes	205	55.4
	>30 minutes	165	44.6

[i] Others®-Dawro, Hadya, Sltie, Gurage.

[ii] * 1 USD was 22 Ethiopian birr.

[iii] Income under extreme poverty <$1.25 USD per day.

Table 2

Obstetric history of women who delivered at government hospitals in the Wolayita zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Variables	(N = 370)	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Have family planning use history	Yes	241	65.1
No	129	34.9
Gravida	Prim gravida	98	26.5
Multigravida	272	73.5
Parity	Primipara	110	29.7
Multipara	260	70.3
Is pregnancy plan	Yes	296	80
No	74	20
ANC follow up	Yes	283	76.5
No	87	23.5
Number of ANC visit	No visit	20	5.4
	1	9	2.4
	2	44	11.9
3	130	35.1
4	152	41.1
More than four	15	4.1

Table 3

Women’s knowledge of preconception care who delivered at government hospitals in the Wolayita zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Variable	(N = 370)	Frequency	Percent
Avoid bad habits when planned to pregnancy	Yes	311	84.1
No	59	15.9
Adjust their life when planned to pregnancy	Yes	324	87.6
No	46	12.4
Avoid smoking when planned to pregnancy	Yes	281	75.9
No	89	24.1
Avoid drinking alcohol when planned to pregnancy	Yes	291	78.6
No	79	21.4
Avoid multiple sexual partners when planned to pregnancy	Yes	303	81.9
No	67	18.1
Test HIV/AIDS when planned to pregnancy	Yes	302	81.6
No	68	18.4
Take folic acid and multivitamins to prevent neural tube defects	Yes	210	56.8
No	160	43.2
Take iron sulfate to prevent anemia?	Yes	293	79.2
No	77	20.8
Avoid illicit drugs when planned to pregnancy	Yes	262	70.8
No	108	29.2
Stop over exercising when planned to pregnancy	Yes	287	77.6
No	83	22.4
Stop caffeine drinking when planned to pregnancy	Yes	110	29.7
No	260	70.3
Stop mercury from consumption of seafood when planned to pregnancy	Yes	99	25.9
No	274	74.1
Away from Pesticides/insecticides chemicals when planned to pregnancy	Yes	217	58.6
No	153	41.4
Away from contact with substances like lead in paints when planned to pregnancy	Yes	102	27.6
No	268	72.4
Away from exposure to occupational hazards when planned to pregnancy	Yes	281	75.9
No	89	24.1
Maintain body weight when planned to pregnancy	Yes	241	65.1
No	129	34.9
Take balance diet when planned to pregnancy	Yes	266	71.9
No	104	28.1
Check STI when planned to pregnancy	Yes	301	81.4
No	69	18.6
Take ordinary multivitamins when planned to pregnancy	Yes	257	69.5
No	113	30.5
Take ordinary vitamin D when planned to pregnancy	Yes	112	30.3
No	258	69.7
Take omega 3 vitamins when planned to pregnancy	Yes	18	4.9
No	352	95.1
Take ordinary zinc when planned to pregnancy	Yes	18	4.9
No	352	95.1
Street drugs when planned to pregnancy	Yes	242	65.4
No	128	34.6

Source of information regarding preconception care amongst women who delivered at government hospitals in Wolayita Zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Table 4

Women’s attitude on preconception care who delivered at government hospitals in Wolayita Zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Parameter (N = 370)	SA&A		Neutral		SD&D
Parameter (N = 370)	N	%	N	%	N	%
Preconception care does not have any effect on pregnancy outcome	160	43.2	53	14.3	157	42.4
Preconception care is an important health issue for women of child bearing age	277	74.9	57	15.4	36	9.7
A dedicated clinic for preconception care is a luxury service	209	56.5	56	15.1	105	28.4
A hospital setting is the best place to provide preconception care	300	81.1	33	8.9	37	10
Preconception care is a high priority all mother to plan pregnancy	241	65.1	74	20	55	14.9
I am not the most suitable person plan to get preconception care	69	18.6	40	10.8	261	70.5
There is not enough time to plan to get a preconception care	54	14.6	43	11.6	273	73.8
Health institutions exercise preconception care	96	25.9	41	11.1	233	63
Do you think high-risk mothers only start preconception care when planned to pregnancy?	106	28.6	28	7.6	236	63.8
History congenital anomalies only use preconception care	113	30.5	33	8.9	224	60.5
Preconception care depends on health care providers’ willingness	262	70.8	46	12.4	62	16.8

[i] SA: Strongly agree, A: agree, SD: strongly disagree and D: disagree.

Table 5

Determinants of knowledge of preconception care amongst women who delivered at government hospitals in the Wolayita zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Variable	Knowledgeable (N = 196)	Not knowledgeable (N = 174)	COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
Do you have a radio?
Yes	159 (43)	89 (24.1)	4.10 (2.58, 6.54)*	2.91 (1.69, 5.43)*
No	37 (10)	85 (23.4)	1	1
Do have health care providers as relatives?
Yes	88 (23.8)	48 (13)	2.13 (1.384, 3.306)*	1.29 (0.74, 2.26)
No	108 (29.2)	126 (34.1)	1
Is the pregnancy planned?
Yes	183 (49.5)	113 (30.5)	7.60 (3.995,14.455)*	5.76 (2.84, 11.67)*
No	13 (3.5)	61 (16.5)	1	1
Do you have community meetings related to preconception care?
Yes	67 (18.1)	22 (5.9)	3.588 (2.100, 6.132)*	2.96(1.62, 5.43)*
No	129 (34.9)	152 (41.1)	1	1
Do you have health care providers as friends?
Yes	75 (20.3)	34 (9.2)	2.552 (1.591, 4.094)*	1.36 (0.74, 2.47)
No	127 (34.3)	140 (37.8)	1
Educational status of spouse
Informal education	14 (3.8)	39 (10.5)	0.301 (0.151, 0.597)
Primary school	96 (25.9)	63 (17)	1.28 (0.817, 1.993)*	1.31 (0.73, 2.36)
Secondary and above	86 (23.2)	72 (19.5)	1	1

[i] * P < 0.05.

Table 6

Determinants of attitude to preconception care amongst women who delivered at government hospitals in the Wolayita zone, South Ethiopia, February 2017.

Variable	Attitude			COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
Variable	Disagree (N = 146)	Neutral (N = 23)	Agree (N = 201)	COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
Residency	Rural		1.94 (1.29, 2.93)*		1.49 (0.91, 2.44)
	Urban		1		1
Mobile phone	Yes		2.29 (1.52, 3.44)*		2.17 (1.31, 3.59)*
	No		1		1
Do you have community meetings related to maternal health?	Yes		0.35 (0.22, 0.57)*		0.36 (0.22, 0.60)*
	No		1		1
Spouse education	Informal education		0.58 (0.38. 0.90)*		1.32 (0.63, 2.76)
Spouse education	Primary school complete		0.82 (0.44,1.52)*		0.8 (0.48, 1.34)
Secondary school and above		1		1

[i] * P < 0.05.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2566 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996

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Language: English

Published on: Jul 9, 2019

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2019 Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Zelalem Tenaw, Ayalew Astatkie, Melese Siyoum, Gezahegn Bekele, Kefyalew Taye, Shewangizaw Mekonnen, Zerai Kassaye, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 85 (2019): Issue 1

Mobile Phone Based Strategies for Preconception Education in Rural Africa

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Figure 1

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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