Sexual Health of Haitian Immigrants in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Characteristics	Total (n = 201)		Male (n = 108)		Female (n = 78)		p*
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	N	%	p*
Age (years old)							0.04
18–24	35	20.96	12	12.90	23	31.50
25–44	89	53.29	52	55.90	37	50.70
45–64	38	23.35	28	30.10	10	13.70
More than 65	4	2.40	1	1.10	3	4.10
Education level							0.20
Complete Fundamental education/incomplete	23	12.23	13	12.00	10	12.80
Complete Medium education/incomplete	122	64.89	65	60.20	55	70.50
Complete High education/incomplete	43	22.87	30	27.80	13	16.70
Marital situation							0.63
Single	41	21.81	25	23.10	15	19.20
Dating	40	21.28	20	18.50	20	2.60
Married	101	53.72	60	55.60	40	51.30
Separated/divorced	6	3.19	3	2.80	3	3.80
Occupation							<0.005
Employed	116	62.03	84	78.50	31	39.70
Unemployed	71	37.97	23	21.50	47	60.30
Monthly income R$							<0.005
<937,00	48	26.97	32	30.50	15	21.10
937,00–1874,00	59	33.15	41	39.00	17	23.90
1875,00–4685,00	15	8.43	15	14.30	0	0
Without income	50	28.09	13	12.40	37	52.10
Not informed	6	3.37	4	3.80	2	2.80
Time of residence in Brazil							0.32
<1 year	31	18.79	14	15.70	15	20.80
1–<2 year	29	17.58	16	18.00	13	18.10
2–<3 years	47	28.48	19	21.30	27	37.50
≥3 years	57	34.55	40	44.90	17	23.60

[i] * Chi-squared test p value.

The sum of the values varies according to the variable due to the missing data.

Table 2

Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infection according to sex in Haitian immigrants living in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2018.

Characteristics	Total (n = 201)		Male (n =108)		Female (n =78)		p*
Characteristics	N	%	n	%	N	%	p*
Number of partners in the last 6 months							0.01
None	29	21.80	17	23.00	12	20.70
1	76	57.14	34	45.90	41	70.70
2	22	16.54	17	23.00	5	8.60
>2	4	3.01	4	5.40	0	0
Contraceptive methods							0.19
Yes	116	64.09	60	58.80	55	71.40
No	54	29.83	34	33.30	19	24.70
Not informed	11	6.08	8	7.80	3	3.90
Condom use in the last sexual intercourse							0.42
Yes	76	42.46	47	46.50	28	36.80
No	91	50.84	48	47.50	42	55.30
Not informed	12	6.70	6	5.90	6	6.00
Practices during the sexual act
Hugs and kisses	95	47.26	51	47.20	43	55.10	0.28
caresses and/or masturbation	21	10.45	13	12.01	8	10.30	0.70
Oral sex	49	24.38	25	23.10	24	30.80	0.24
Anal sex	12	5.97	5	4.60	7	9.00	0.23
Others practices	2	1	1	0.90	1	1.30	0.81
Vaginal sex	129	64.18	71	65.70	57	73.10	0.28
Partner sex (last 6 months)
Of the same gender	3	1.74	3	3.10	0	0
Of the opposite gender	153	88.95	84	85.70	68	93.30
Both genders	4	2.33	4	4.10	0	0
Not informed	12	6.98	7	7.10	5	6.80
Type of sexual partner (last 6 months)							<0.005
Regular	103	63.19	43	46.70	59	84.30
Not regular without payment	34	20.86	31	33.70	3	4.30
Business	1	0.61	1	1.10	0	0
Not informed	25	15.34	17	18.50	8	11.40
Meeting place of the current partner							0.12
Family house	11	6.29	7	7.20	4	5.30
Friend’s house	12	6.86	11	11.30	1	1.30
School	50	28.57	21	21.60	28	36.80
Work	14	8.00	8	8.20	6	7.90
Travel	5	2.86	2	2.10	3	3.90
Churches	18	10.29	9	9.30	9	11.80
Restaurants/parties	55	31.43	30	30.90	23	30.30
Public places	9	5.14	7	7.20	2	2.60
Online	1	0.57	1	1	0	0

[i] * Chi-squared test p value.

The sum of the values varies according to the variable due to the missing data.

Frequency of self-declared active and lifelong sexual infection among Haitian immigrants according to sex in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2018.

Table 3

Report of human immunodeficiency virus infection/sexually transmitted infection and changes in the sexual behavior of Haitian immigrants in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2018.

Characteristics	Total (n = 201)		Male (n =108)		Female (n =78)		p*
Characteristics	N	%	n	%	N	%	p*
STI diagnosis							<0.005
No	83	46.37	58	58.00	24	31.20
Yes, but there’s no more	38	21.23	13	13.00	25	32.50
Yes, I still have	12	6.70	2	2.00	10	13.00
Yes, but I don’t know if I still have	23	12.85	7	7.00	16	20.80
Not informed	6	3.35	5	5.00	1	1.30
Unknown	17	9.50	15	15.00	1	1.30
Symptoms and Signs During Sexual Act
Pain	23	11.44	2	1.90	21	26.90	<0.005
Bleed	1	0.50	1	0.90	0	0	0.39
Stinging	16	7.96	4	3.70	12	15.40	0.01
He/she has had an HIV test							0.90
Yes	141	76.63	79	76.00	61	78.20
No	40	21.74	23	22.10	16	20.50
Not informed	3	1.63	2	1.90	1	1.30
Changes in sexual habits							0.004
Yes	43	24.60	16	16.30	27	35.10
Not	132	75.40	82	83.70	50	64.90

[i] * Chi-squared test p value; STI, sexually transmitted infections.

The sum of the values varies according to the variable due to the missing data.

Table 4

Analysis of sociodemographic factors and risk behaviors associated with sexually transmitted infection prevalence according to the reports of Haitian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2018.

Variable	Prevalence ratio	95% CI
Age (years)
18–24	1	–
25–39	0.92	0.63–1.36
40 or more	1.02	0.62–1.66
Gender
Female	1	–
Male	0.90	0.67–1.22
Condom use in the last sexual intercourse
Yes	1	–
No	1.20	0.89–1.63
Marital situation
Single	1	–
Dating	1.04	0.67–1.64
Married	1.12	0.78–1.65
Separated/divorced	1.56	0.64–3.29
Education level
Complete Fundamental education/incomplete	1	–
Complete Medium education/incomplete	0.89	0.59–1.41
Complete High education/incomplete	0.74	0.46–1.24
Time of residence in Brazil
<2 years	1	–
2 < 4 years	1.08	0.77–1.52
4 years or more	0.86	0.52–1.38
Partner sex (last 6 months)
None	1	–
1	0.98	0.65–1.63
2	0.95	0.50–1.74
>2	0.76	0.34–1.54