Table 1
County health facilities by location, type, and ownership.
| COUNTY | N | LOCATION | TYPE OF FACILITY | MANAGING AUTHORITY (OWNERSHIP) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| URBAN N (%) | RURAL N (%) | TIER 1 N (%) | TIER 2 N (%) | TIER 3 N (%) | TIER 4 N (%) | GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC N (%) | MISSION/FAITH-BASED N (%) | NGO/PRIVATE NOT-FOR-PROFIT N (%) | OTHER N (%) | PRIVATE FOR-PROFIT N (%) | ||
| Baringo | 188 | 161 (87.5) | 23 (12.5) | 7 (3.7) | 22 (11.7) | 145 (77.1) | 14 (7.4) | 151 (80.3) | 13 (6.9) | 6 (3.2) | 5 (2.7) | 13 (6.9) |
| Bomet | 113 | 111 (99.1) | 1 (0.9) | 5 (4.4) | 14 (12.4) | 91 (80.5) | 3 (2.7) | 97 (85.8) | 5 (4.4) | 7 (6.2) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (2.7) |
| Bungoma | 149 | 120 (80.5) | 29 (19.5) | 16 (10.7) | 20 (13.4) | 85 (57) | 28 (18.8) | 94 (63.1) | 12 (8.1) | 8 (5.4) | 8 (5.4) | 27 (18.1) |
| Busia | 83 | 72 (86.7) | 11 (13.3) | 10 (12) | 15 (18.1) | 49 (59) | 9 (10.8) | 60 (72.3) | 12 (14.5) | 3 (3.6) | 1 (1.2) | 7 (8.4) |
| Elgeyo-Marakwet | 123 | 118 (95.9) | 5 (4.1) | 9 (7.3) | 20 (16.3) | 90 (73.2) | 4 (3.3) | 104 (84.6) | 13 (10.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.9) |
| Embu | 150 | 127 (86.4) | 20 (13.6) | 10 (6.7) | 12 (8) | 77 (51.3) | 51 (34) | 76 (50.7) | 22 (14.7) | 10 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 42 (28) |
| Garissa | 133 | 68 (51.1) | 65 (48.9) | 15 (11.3) | 23 (17.3) | 41 (30.8) | 54 (40.6) | 71 (53.4) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.5) | 1 (0.8) | 55 (41.4) |
| Homa Bay | 182 | 166 (91.7) | 15 (8.3) | 18 (9.9) | 41 (22.5) | 99 (54.4) | 24 (13.2) | 121 (66.5) | 24 (13.2) | 19 (10.4) | 4 (2.2) | 14 (7.7) |
| Isiolo | 42 | 34 (81) | 8 (19) | 4 (9.5) | 6 (14.3) | 27 (64.3) | 5 (11.9) | 26 (61.9) | 8 (19) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.4) | 5 (11.9) |
| Kajiado | 226 | 116 (51.3) | 110 (48.7) | 46 (20.4) | 31 (13.7) | 79 (35) | 70 (31) | 78 (34.5) | 22 (9.7) | 19 (8.4) | 4 (1.8) | 103 (45.6) |
| Kakamega | 232 | 197 (85.3) | 34 (14.7) | 30 (12.9) | 37 (15.9) | 98 (42.2) | 67 (28.9) | 120 (51.7) | 28 (12.1) | 9 (3.9) | 5 (2.2) | 70 (30.2) |
| Kericho | 174 | 153 (88.4) | 20 (11.6) | 13 (7.5) | 12 (6.9) | 133 (76.4) | 16 (9.2) | 132 (75.9) | 10 (5.7) | 14 (8) | 3 (1.7) | 15 (8.6) |
| Kiambu | 352 | 219 (62.8) | 130 (37.2) | 83 (23.6) | 40 (11.4) | 143 (40.6) | 86 (24.4) | 89 (25.3) | 56 (15.9) | 34 (9.7) | 3 (0.9) | 170 (48.3) |
| Kilifi | 231 | 131 (57) | 99 (43) | 15 (6.5) | 15 (6.5) | 86 (37.2) | 115 (49.8) | 90 (39) | 8 (3.5) | 15 (6.5) | 13 (5.6) | 105 (45.5) |
| Kirinyaga | 142 | 102 (72.3) | 39 (27.7) | 31 (21.8) | 11 (7.7) | 61 (43) | 39 (27.5) | 50 (35.2) | 28 (19.7) | 9 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 55 (38.7) |
| Kisii | 141 | 114 (80.9) | 27 (19.1) | 24 (17) | 31 (22) | 69 (48.9) | 17 (12.1) | 101 (71.6) | 16 (11.3) | 5 (3.5) | 2 (1.4) | 17 (12.1) |
| Kisumu | 155 | 103 (66.5) | 52 (33.5) | 29 (18.7) | 35 (22.6) | 70 (45.2) | 21 (13.5) | 89 (57.4) | 16 (10.3) | 21 (13.5) | 8 (5.2) | 21 (13.5) |
| Kitui | 322 | 273 (85) | 48 (15) | 20 (6.2) | 36 (11.2) | 214 (66.5) | 52 (16.1) | 240 (74.5) | 20 (6.2) | 5 (1.6) | 3 (0.9) | 54 (16.8) |
| Kwale | 95 | 86 (90.5) | 9 (9.5) | 7 (7.4) | 9 (9.5) | 56 (58.9) | 23 (24.2) | 62 (65.3) | 4 (4.2) | 6 (6.3) | 1 (1.1) | 22 (23.2) |
| Laikipia | 93 | 67 (73.6) | 24 (26.4) | 6 (6.5) | 10 (10.8) | 59 (63.4) | 18 (19.4) | 56 (60.2) | 8 (8.6) | 11 (11.8) | 4 (4.3) | 14 (15.1) |
| Lamu | 43 | 33 (76.7) | 10 (23.3) | 5 (11.6) | 4 (9.3) | 23 (53.5) | 11 (25.6) | 25 (58.1) | 4 (9.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 13 (30.2) |
| Machakos | 299 | 232 (80.8) | 55 (19.2) | 13 (4.3) | 31 (10.4) | 136 (45.5) | 119 (39.8) | 141 (47.2) | 28 (9.4) | 14 (4.7) | 5 (1.7) | 111 (37.1) |
| Makueni | 193 | 159 (82.8) | 33 (17.2) | 18 (9.3) | 24 (12.4) | 111 (57.5) | 40 (20.7) | 118 (61.1) | 24 (12.4) | 7 (3.6) | 1 (0.5) | 43 (22.3) |
| Mandera | 69 | 45 (65.2) | 24 (34.8) | 10 (14.5) | 19 (27.5) | 27 (39.1) | 13 (18.8) | 49 (71) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 18 (26.1) |
| Marsabit | 93 | 74 (81.3) | 17 (18.7) | 10 (10.8) | 15 (16.1) | 51 (54.8) | 17 (18.3) | 57 (61.3) | 14 (15.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 21 (22.6) |
| Meru | 405 | 259 (67.3) | 126 (32.7) | 36 (8.9) | 30 (7.4) | 126 (31.1) | 213 (52.6) | 119 (29.4) | 51 (12.6) | 6 (1.5) | 4 (1) | 225 (55.6) |
| Migori | 174 | 140 (80.9) | 33 (19.1) | 23 (13.2) | 27 (15.5) | 97 (55.7) | 27 (15.5) | 112 (64.4) | 19 (10.9) | 17 (9.8) | 1 (0.6) | 25 (14.4) |
| Mombasa | 373 | 4 (1.1) | 359 (98.9) | 30 (8) | 20 (5.4) | 54 (14.5) | 269 (72.1) | 51 (13.7) | 11 (2.9) | 29 (7.8) | 23 (6.2) | 259 (69.4) |
| Muranga | 184 | 165 (90.2) | 18 (9.8) | 14 (7.6) | 17 (9.2) | 117 (63.6) | 36 (19.6) | 106 (57.6) | 24 (13) | 9 (4.9) | 2 (1.1) | 43 (23.4) |
| Nairobi | 876 | 4 (0.5) | 860 (99.5) | 134 (15.3) | 95 (10.8) | 116 (13.2) | 531 (60.6) | 98 (11.2) | 53 (6.1) | 109 (12.4) | 39 (4.5) | 577 (65.9) |
| Nakuru | 328 | 220 (67.1) | 108 (32.9) | 35 (10.7) | 45 (13.7) | 144 (43.9) | 104 (31.7) | 133 (40.5) | 40 (12.2) | 42 (12.8) | 10 (3) | 103 (31.4) |
| Nandi | 190 | 177 (93.2) | 13 (6.8) | 6 (3.2) | 20 (10.5) | 143 (75.3) | 21 (11.1) | 128 (67.4) | 17 (8.9) | 18 (9.5) | 4 (2.1) | 23 (12.1) |
| Narok | 135 | 117 (87.3) | 17 (12.7) | 9 (6.7) | 25 (18.5) | 91 (67.4) | 10 (7.4) | 89 (65.9) | 24 (17.8) | 10 (7.4) | 3 (2.2) | 9 (6.7) |
| Nyamira | 114 | 98 (86) | 16 (14) | 15 (13.2) | 39 (34.2) | 42 (36.8) | 18 (15.8) | 69 (60.5) | 15 (13.2) | 10 (8.8) | 0 (0) | 20 (17.5) |
| Nyandarua | 116 | 97 (85.1) | 17 (14.9) | 14 (12.1) | 20 (17.2) | 50 (43.1) | 32 (27.6) | 59 (50.9) | 13 (11.2) | 4 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 40 (34.5) |
| Nyeri | 252 | 164 (65.9) | 85 (34.1) | 46 (18.3) | 20 (7.9) | 91 (36.1) | 95 (37.7) | 101 (40.1) | 22 (8.7) | 4 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | 123 (48.8) |
| Samburu | 77 | 59 (77.6) | 17 (22.4) | 5 (6.5) | 6 (7.8) | 52 (67.5) | 14 (18.2) | 45 (58.4) | 11 (14.3) | 5 (6.5) | 1 (1.3) | 15 (19.5) |
| Siaya | 158 | 142 (89.9) | 16 (10.1) | 13 (8.2) | 37 (23.4) | 91 (57.6) | 17 (10.8) | 118 (74.7) | 16 (10.1) | 7 (4.4) | 4 (2.5) | 13 (8.2) |
| Taita Taveta | 81 | 68 (84) | 13 (16) | 7 (8.6) | 16 (19.8) | 40 (49.4) | 18 (22.2) | 55 (67.9) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.5) | 18 (22.2) |
| Tana River | 49 | 44 (89.8) | 5 (10.2) | 3 (6.1) | 4 (8.2) | 40 (81.6) | 2 (4.1) | 40 (81.6) | 4 (8.2) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.2) |
| Tharaka Nithi | 117 | 95 (81.2) | 22 (18.8) | 7 (6) | 11 (9.4) | 70 (59.8) | 29 (24.8) | 57 (48.7) | 23 (19.7) | 3 (2.6) | 4 (3.4) | 30 (25.6) |
| Trans-Nzoia | 141 | 88 (62.4) | 53 (37.6) | 12 (8.5) | 12 (8.5) | 45 (31.9) | 72 (51.1) | 52 (36.9) | 14 (9.9) | 9 (6.4) | 1 (0.7) | 65 (46.1) |
| Turkana | 142 | 112 (80) | 28 (20) | 8 (5.6) | 18 (12.7) | 92 (64.8) | 24 (16.9) | 94 (66.2) | 26 (18.3) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 21 (14.8) |
| Uasin Gishu | 170 | 108 (67.1) | 53 (32.9) | 16 (9.4) | 24 (14.1) | 96 (56.5) | 34 (20) | 99 (58.2) | 23 (13.5) | 9 (5.3) | 3 (1.8) | 36 (21.2) |
| Vihiga | 87 | 78 (89.7) | 9 (10.3) | 11 (12.6) | 18 (20.7) | 26 (29.9) | 32 (36.8) | 44 (50.6) | 10 (11.5) | 6 (6.9) | 2 (2.3) | 25 (28.7) |
| Wajir | 113 | 67 (59.3) | 46 (40.7) | 16 (14.2) | 27 (23.9) | 39 (34.5) | 31 (27.4) | 76 (67.3) | 2 (1.8) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 32 (28.3) |
| West Pokot | 96 | 84 (87.5) | 12 (12.5) | 5 (5.2) | 8 (8.3) | 67 (69.8) | 16 (16.7) | 56 (58.3) | 20 (20.8) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2.1) | 16 (16.7) |
Table 2
Descriptive statistics for the independent and dependent variables.
| N | MEAN | STD. DEVIATION | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | |||
| Medicine and therapeutics committees | 47 | 16.74 | 9.124 |
| Annual work planning | 47 | 63.89 | 15.646 |
| Supervisory visits | 47 | 62.62 | 15.159 |
| Dependent variable | |||
| NCD readiness | 47 | 44.06 | 16.263 |
| NCD readiness by tier of county health facilities | |||
| Readiness by Tier 1 | 47 | 57.23 | 21.697 |
| Readiness by Tier 2 | 47 | 47.70 | 17.865 |
| Readiness by Tier 3 | 47 | 36.11 | 15.287 |
| Readiness by Tier 4 | 47 | 23.70 | 11.786 |
| NCD readiness by ownership of county health facilities | |||
| Ownership—Public | 47 | 41.02 | 16.426 |
| Ownership—Private not-for-profit | 47 | 35.19 | 13.925 |
| Ownership—Private for-profit | 47 | 24.23 | 12.532 |
| Ownership—Other | 47 | 17.51 | 25.079 |
Table 3
Correlations of Leadership Practices and NCD Readiness.
| CORRELATIONS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCD READINESS | MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTIC | ANNUAL WORK PLAN | SUPPORTIVE SUPERVISION | ||
| NCD readiness | Pearson correlation | 1 | .438** | .286 | .330* |
| Sig. (2 tailed) | .002 | .051 | .023 | ||
| N | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | |
| Medicine and therapeutic | Pearson correlation | .438** | 1 | .629** | .625** |
| Sig. (2 tailed) | .002 | .000 | .000 | ||
| N | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | |
| Annual work plan | Pearson correlation | .286 | .629** | 1 | .833** |
| Sig. (2 tailed) | .051 | .000 | .000 | ||
| N | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | |
| Supportive supervision | Pearson correlation | .330* | .651** | .833** | 1 |
| Sig. (2 tailed) | .023 | .000 | .000 | ||
| N | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | |
[i] * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).