Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram showing selection process of included studies.
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of selected national and regional diabetes surveys.
| Author & Year | Sample size (n) | Age (years) | M:F | Screening tool | Diagnostic criteria | Prevalence (%) | ISI-indexed Journal | Quality score | Weight assigned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shera et al. (1995) [6] | 967 | ≥25 | 1:1.49 | OGTT | WHO | 13.50 | Yes | 13/20 | 2.305 |
| Shera et al. (1999) [7] | 1404 | ≥25 | 1:2.22 | OGTT | WHO | 13.40 | Yes | 13/20 | 3.328 |
| Shera et al. (1999) [8] | 1035 | ≥25 | 1:4.00 | OGTT | WHO | 11.10 | Yes | 11/20 | 2.080 |
| Basit et al. (2002) [12] | 2032 | ≥25 | 1:2.03 | BSF | ADA | 6.30 | Yes | 10/20 | 2.423 |
| Shera et al. (2010) [9] | 1852 | ≥25 | 1:1.27 | OGTT | WHO | 10.80 | Yes | 15/20 | 3.646 |
| Basit et al. (2011) [13] | 1264 | ≥25 | 1:1.98 | BSF | ADA | 14.20 | Yes | 12/20 | 3.127 |
| Ahmad et al. (2011) [14] | 938 | ≥30 | 1:1.31 | BSR | WHO | 10.90 | No | 11/20 | 1.850 |
| Qureshi et al. (2014) [15] | 815 | ≥20 | 1:1.41 | BSF | ADA | 9.93 | No | 18/20 | 1.484 |
| Zafar et al. (2016) [16] | 404 | ≥20 | 1:1.23 | HbA1c | ADA | 32.90 | Yes | 16/20 | 1.815 |
| Akhtar et al. (2016) [17] | 1650 | ≥20 | 1:0.96 | BSF | WHO | 11.10 | Yes | 14/20 | 3.311 |
| Basit et al. (2018) [10] | 10834 | ≥20 | 1:1.27 | OGTT | WHO | 26.30 | Yes | 18/20 | 42.652 |
| Aamir et al. (2019) [11] | 18856 | ≥20 | 1:0.86 | HbA1c | WHO | 16.98 | Yes | 19/20 | 54.080 |
[i] Abbreviations: M: Male; F: Female; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; BSR; Blood Sugar Random; BSF: Blood Sugar Fasting; WHO: World Health Organization; ADA: American Diabetes Association.
Figure 2
Geographic mapping of the districts been surveyed.
Figure 3
Pooled prevalence of T2DM in adult population of Pakistan.
Figure 4
Comparison between subgroups pooled estimates.