Table 1
The sample selected per urban primary health care centers relative to the population served.
| UPHCC | Population served in 2019 | Percentage (%) | Sample selected per UPHCC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ihchach | 29071 | 16.11 | 75 |
| Bouargane | 30282 | 16.78 | 79 |
| Amsernate | 26777 | 14.84 | 70 |
| Al Qods | 46756 | 25.92 | 121 |
| Hay Al Mohammadi | 47508 | 26.33 | 123 |
| Total | 180394 | 100 | 469 |
[i] UPHCC: Urban primary health care center, %: Percentage.
Table 2
Level of knowledge about stroke according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample.
| Variable | Number (%) | Low level of knowledge n (%) | High level of knowledge n (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.0085 | |||
| 18–45 | 324 (69.1) | 169 (36) | 155 (33) | |
| 46–65 | 106 (22.6) | 67 (14.3) | 39 (8.3) | |
| ≥66 ans | 39 (8.3) | 28 (6) | 11 (2.3) | |
| Sex | 0.055† | |||
| Male | 190 (40.5) | 98 (20.9) | 92 (19.6) | |
| Female | 279 (59.5) | 166 (35.4) | 113 (24.1) | |
| Marital status | 0.300† | |||
| Without a partner₸ | 187 (39.9) | 102 (21.7) | 85 (18.1) | |
| In couple (Married) | 282 (60.1) | 162 (34.5) | 120 (25.6) | |
| Level of education | <0.001† | |||
| Illiterate | 138 (29.4) | 93 (19.8) | 45 (9.6) | |
| Primary school | 59 (12.6) | 44 (9.4) | 15 (3.2) | |
| Secondary school | 111 (23.7) | 62 (13.2) | 49 (10.4) | |
| University | 161 (34.3) | 65 (13.9) | 96 (20.5) | |
| Spoken Languages | ||||
| Dialectal Arabic | 287 (61.2) | 145 (30.9) | 142 (30.3) | 0.003† |
| Amazigh | 166 (35.4) | 109 (23.2) | 57 (12.2) | |
| Hassaniya | 16 (3.4) | 10 (2.1) | 6 (1.3) | |
| Place of residence | 0.003† | |||
| Rural | 260 (55.4) | 133 (28.4) | 76 (16.2) | |
| Urban | 209 (44.6) | 131 (27.9) | 129 (27.5) | |
| Socioeconomic level (Family income) | 0.064† | |||
| Rich | 13 (2.8) | 6 (1.3) | 7 (1.5) | |
| Middle class | 429 (91.5) | 238 (50.7) | 191 (40.7) | |
| Poor | 27 (5.8) | 20 (4.3) | 7 (1.5) | |
| Health coverage | ||||
| Health Insurance Obligatory | 163 (34.8) | 63 (13.4) | 100 (21.3) | <0.001† |
| Medical Assistance Regime (aid) | 79 (16.8) | 55 (11.7) | 24 (5.1) | |
| Private assurance | 26 (5.5) | 14 (3) | 12 (2.6) | |
| Others | 8 (1.7) | 5 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | |
| None | 193 (41.2) | 127 (27.1) | 66 (14.1) | |
| Professional Occupation | 0.047† | |||
| Salaried/Employee† | 102 (21.7) | 47 (10) | 55 (11.7) | |
| Self-employed worker∏ | 75 (16) | 41 (8.7) | 34 (7.2) | |
| Inactive (Unemployed)∑ | 267 (56.9) | 160 (34.1) | 107 (22.8) | |
| Retired | 25 (5.3) | 16 (3.4) | 9 (1.9) | |
| Obesity or overweight | ||||
| No notion of obesity or overweight | 301 (64.2) | 159 (33.9) | 142 (30.3) | 0.027† |
| With notion of obesity or overweight | 168 (35.8) | 105 (22.4) | 63 (13.4) | |
| Diabetes | 0.536† | |||
| Yes | 126 (26.9) | 71 (15.1) | 55 (11.7) | |
| No | 343 (37.1) | 193 (41.2) | 150 (32) | |
| HBP | 0.209† | |||
| Yes | 143 (30.5) | 85 (18.1) | 58 (12.4) | |
| No | 326 (69.5) | 179 (38.2) | 147 (31.3) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.157† | |||
| Yes | 40 (8.5) | 19 (4.1) | 21 (4.5) | |
| No | 429 (91.5) | 245 (52.2) | 184 (39.2) | |
| Cardiac disease | 0.048† | |||
| Yes | 38 (8.1) | 16 (3.4) | 22 (4.7) | |
| No | 431 (91.9) | 248 52.9 | 183 (39) | |
| Smoking | 0.119† | |||
| Yes | 86 (18.3) | 43 (9.2) | 43 (9.2) | |
| No | 383 (81.7) | 221 (47.1) | 162 (34.5) | |
| Alcoholism | 0.020† | |||
| Yes | 28 (6) | 10 (2.1) | 18 (3.8) | |
| No | 441 (94) | 254 (54.2) | 187 (39.9) | |
| Regular physical exercises | 0.001† | |||
| Yes | 233 (49.7) | 114 (24.3) | 119 (25.4) | |
| No | 236 (50.3) | 150 (32) | 86 (18.3) | |
| History of stroke in among the respondent | <0.001† | |||
| Yes | 21 (4.5) | 3 (0.6) | 18 (3.8) | |
| No | 448 (95.5) | 261 (55.7) | 187 (39.9) | |
| History of stroke in the immediate family | <0.001† | |||
| Yes | 129 (27.5) | 56 (11.9) | 73 (15.6) | |
| No | 340 (72.5) | 208 (44.3) | 132 (28.1) | |
| History of stroke among relatives, acquaintances, or neighbors | <0.001† | |||
| Yes | 276 (58.8) | 120 (25.6) | 156 (33.3) | |
| No | 193 (41.2) | 144 (30.7) | 49 (104) |
[i] %: Percentage, †: The Chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, ₸: Includes single, divorced and widowed people, †: According to the High Commission for Planning of Kingdom of Morocco, an employed active person, receiving a salary from a public or private employer, in return for work performed, ∏: According to the High Commission for Planning of Kingdom of Morocco, any employed person working on his or her personal account, running his or her own business or exercising a trade, but who does not employ any employees, ∑: Includes the unemployed, as well as housewives and students.
HBP: High blood pressure.
Table 3
Knowledge on stroke.
| Variable | Items | Yes Number (%) | No Number (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stroke is… | |||
| A preventable disease | 367 (78.3) | 102 (21.7) | |
| A disease requiring an urgent care | 443 (94.5) | 26 (5.5) | |
| A curable disease | 369 (78.7) | 75 (16.0) | |
| A disabling disease | 406 (86.6) | 63 (13.4) | |
| Risk factors for stroke | |||
| HBP | 261 (55.7) | 208 (44.3) | |
| Diabetes | 156 (33.3) | 313 (66.7) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 125 (26.7) | 344 (73.3) | |
| Cardiac disease | 128 (27.3) | 341 (72.3) | |
| Oral contraception | 44 (9.4) | 425 (90.6) | |
| Smoking | 171 (36.5) | 298 (63.5) | |
| Alcoholism | 157 (33.5) | 312 (66.5) | |
| Unhealthy diet | 99 (21.1) | 370 (78.9) | |
| Sedentary life style | 84 (17.9) | 385 (82.1) | |
| Obesity or overweight | 130 (27.7) | 339 (72.3) | |
| Personal history of stroke | 174 (37.1) | 295 (62.9) | |
| Family history of stroke | 88 (19.0) | 380 (81.0) | |
| Depression and stress | 229 (48.8) | 240 (51.2) | |
| Stroke warning signs and symptoms | |||
| Sudden numbness or weakness in face, arm or leg | 175 (37.3) | 294 (62.7) | |
| Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding others | 138 (29.4) | 331 (70.6) | |
| Sudden poor vision in one or both eyes | 118 (25.2) | 351 (74.8) | |
| Sudden dizziness, difficulty walking or loss of balance | 162 (34.5) | 307 (65.6) | |
| Sudden headache with no known cause | 140 (29.9) | 329 (70.1) | |
[i] %: Percentage, HBP: High blood pressure.
Table 4
Factors associated with a lower level of knowledge on stroke using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Variable | OR (CI 95%) | P value | aOR (CI 95%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–45 | 2.33 (1.12–4.85) | 0.023 | ||
| 46–65 | 1.48 (0.66–3.30) | 0.33 | ||
| ≥66 ans | 1 | / | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.37 (0.95–2.00) | 0.090 | ||
| Female | 1 | / | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Without a partner₸ | 1.12 (0.77–1.63) | 0.535 | ||
| In couple (Married) | 1 | / | ||
| Level of education | ||||
| illiterate | 0.32 (0.20–0.52) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.08–3.44) | 0.026 |
| Primary school | 0.23 (0.11–0.44) | <0.001 | 3.43 (1.63–7.21) | 0.001 |
| Secondary school | 0.53 (0.32–0.87) | 0.012 | 1.37 (0.78–2.40) | 0.265 |
| University | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Spoken Languages | ||||
| Dialectal Arabic | 1.63 (0.57–4.61) | 0.35 | ||
| Amazigh | 0.87 (0.30–2.52) | 0.80 | ||
| Hassaniya | 1 | / | ||
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) | 0.004 | 1.67 (1.07–2.59) | 0.023 |
| Urban | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Socioeconomic level (Family income) | ||||
| Rich | 3.33 (0.83–13.37) | 0.089 | ||
| Medium class | 2.29 (0.95–5.53) | 0.065 | ||
| Poor | 1 | / | ||
| Health coverage | ||||
| Health Insurance Obligatory | 2.64 (0.61–11.45) | 0.19 | ||
| Medical Assistance Regime (aid) | 0.72 (0.16–3.29) | 0.67 | ||
| Private assurance | 1.42 (0.28–7.26) | 0.66 | ||
| Others | 0.86 (0.20–3.73) | 0.84 | ||
| None | 1 | / | ||
| Professional Occupation | ||||
| Salaried/Employee† | 2.08 (0.84–5.14) | 0.11 | ||
| Self-employed worker∏ | 1.47(0.57–3.75) | 0.41 | ||
| Inactive (Unemployed)∑ | 1.18 (0.50–2.78) | 0.69 | ||
| Retired | 1 | / | ||
| Obesity or overweight | ||||
| No notion of obesity or overweight | 1.48 (1.01–2.18) | 0.043 | ||
| With notion of obesity or overweight | 1 | / | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.66–1.50) | 0.98 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| HBP | ||||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.55–1.23) | 0.36 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 (0.76–2.81) | 0.243 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| Cardiac disease | ||||
| Yes | 1.86 (0.95–3.64) | 0.069 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 1.36 (0.85–2.18) | 0.194 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| Alcoholism | ||||
| Yes | 0.41 (0.18–0.90) | 0.028 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| Regular physical exercises | ||||
| Yes | 1.82 (1.25–2.63) | 0.001 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| No history of stroke among the respondent | ||||
| Yes | 0.12 (0.03–0.41) | 0.001 | 16.41 (4.37–61.59) | <0.001 |
| No | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| History of stroke in the immediate family | ||||
| Yes | 2.05 (1.36–3.09) | 0.001 | ||
| No | 1 | / | ||
| No history of stroke among relatives, acquaintances, or neighbors | ||||
| Yes | 0.26 (0.17–0.39) | <0.001 | 4.42 (2.81–6.96) | <0.001 |
| No | 1 | / | 1 | / |
[i] CI: Confidence interval, %: Percentage, aOR: Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI), ₸: Includes single, divorced and widowed people, †: According to the High Commission for Planning of Kingdom of Morocco, an employed active person, receiving a salary from a public or private employer, in return for work performed, ∏: According to the High Commission for Planning of Kingdom of Morocco, any employed person working on his or her personal account, running his or her own business or exercising a trade, but who does not employ any employees, ∑: Includes the unemployed, as well as housewives and students.
HBP: High blood pressure.
Table 5
Factors associated with a lower level of knowledge on stroke using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
| Variable | aOR (CI 95%) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Level of education | ||
| Illiterate | 1.92 (1.08–3.44) | 0.026 |
| Primary school | 3.43 (1.63–7.21) | 0.001 |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural | 1.67 (1.07–2.59) | 0.023 |
| No history of stroke among the respondent | ||
| Yes | 16.41 (4.37–61.59) | <0.001 |
| No history of stroke among relatives, acquaintances, or neighbors | ||
| Yes | 4.42 (2.81–6.96) | <0.001 |
[i] aOR: Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI), CI: Confidence interval, %: Percentage.