Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown

Anh Kim Dang; Xuan Thi Thanh Le; Huong Thi Le; Bach Xuan Tran; Toan Thi Thanh Do; Hanh Thi Bich Phan; Thao Thanh Nguyen; Quan Thi Pham; Nhung Thi Kim Ta; Quynh Thi Nguyen; Quan Van Duong; Men Thi Hoang; Hai Quang Pham; Trang Ha Nguyen; Linh Gia Vu; Carl A. Latkin; Cyrus SH Ho; Roger C. M. Ho

doi:10.5334/aogh.2976

Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown

Volume 86 (2020): Issue 1

By: Anh Kim Dang, Xuan Thi Thanh Le, Huong Thi Le, Bach Xuan Tran, Toan Thi Thanh Do, Hanh Thi Bich Phan, Thao Thanh Nguyen, Quan Thi Pham, Nhung Thi Kim Ta, Quynh Thi Nguyen, Quan Van Duong, Men Thi Hoang, Hai Quang Pham, Trang Ha Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus SH Ho and Roger C. M. Ho

Open Access

|Sep 2020

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Socio-economics characteristics of respondents.

	Male		Female		Total		p value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	p value
Total	203	30.7	459	69.3	662	100.0
Region
Northern	145	71.4	378	82.4	523	79.0	<0.01
Central	28	13.8	45	9.8	73	11.0
South	30	14.8	33	7.2	63	9.5
Foreign	0	0.0	3	0.7	3	0.5
Age group
Under 25	41	20.2	127	27.7	168	25.4	<0.01
25–34	43	21.2	134	29.2	177	26.7
35–44	63	31.0	107	23.3	170	25.7
Above 44	56	27.6	91	19.8	147	22.2
Religion
Yes	33	16.3	72	15.7	105	15.9	0.85
No	170	83.7	387	84.3	557	84.1
Marital status
Single	66	32.5	168	36.6	234	35.4	0.25
Living with spouse	133	65.5	274	59.7	407	61.5
Others	4	2.0	17	3.7	21	3.2
Education level
High school and below	35	17.2	102	22.2	137	20.7	0.04
Undergraduate	104	51.2	253	55.1	357	53.9
Postgraduate	64	31.5	104	22.7	168	25.4
Occupation
Health workers	43	21.2	77	16.8	120	18.1	0.01
Professional educators	38	18.7	108	23.5	146	22.1
White collar workers	44	21.7	108	23.5	152	23.0
Students	36	17.7	111	24.2	147	22.2
Others	42	20.7	55	12.0	97	14.7
Occupational status
Salaried employee	81	39.9	183	39.9	264	39.9	0.14
Unlimited term full-time contract	48	23.7	79	17.2	127	19.2
Limited term full-time contract	23	11.3	51	11.1	74	11.2
Self-employed/Unemployed/Retired	39	19.2	124	27.0	163	24.6
Others	12	5.9	22	4.8	34	5.1
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p value
Number of children	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.04
Age	36.9	10.7	33.5	10.5	34.5	10.7	<0.01

Table 2

Exploratory factor analysis model of sub-domains regarding impacts of COVID-19 on the employment of respondents.

	Maximum score		Increased distress and conflicts due to COVID-19	Positive attitude towards stability in working condition	Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure
	n	%	Increased distress and conflicts due to COVID-19	Positive attitude towards stability in working condition
Enough employees at work to handle all duties	75	11.3		0.72
Being in good working spirit	74	11.1		0.78
Being appreciated by the unit leader	32	4.8		0.78
Being appreciated by the society	27	4.1		0.77
Worry that colleagues exposed to COVID-19 patient	60	9.0	0.36
Increase workload	22	3.3	0.80
Have to work overtime	22	3.3	0.82
Have to perform duties which never been done before	20	3.0	0.72
More stressful at work	6	0.9	0.65
Conflicts occurred among colleagues at work	4	0.6	0.57
Afraid of sharing with family about risks of exposure to COVID-19 at work	15	2.3			0.54
Being alienated because employment-related to COVID-19	7	1.1			0.85
Relatives being alienated because employment related to COVID-19	7	1.1			0.87
Avoid sharing occupational information	4	0.6			0.74
Cronbach’s alpha			0.76	0.78	0.76
Mean			2.7	3.4	2.1
SD			0.7	0.6	0.7

Table 3

Perceived impacts of COVID-19 on the employment of respondents.

	Male		Female		Total		p-value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value
Impact of COVID-19 on income
Decreased	64	54.7	146	65.2	210	61.6	0.04
Unchanged/Increased	53	45.3	78	34.8	131	38.4
Changes in income due to COVID-19
Decreased 80–100%	9	7.7	12	5.4	21	6.2	0.12
Decreased 60–80%	11	9.4	12	5.4	23	6.7
Decreased 40–60%	13	11.1	39	17.4	52	15.3
Decreased 20–40%	12	10.3	34	15.2	46	13.5
Decreased <20%	26	22.2	60	26.8	86	25.2
Unchanged/Increased	46	39.4	67	29.9	113	33.1
COVID-19 impact on occupation status
Layoffs	8	6.8	21	9.4	29	8.5	0.33
Reduced working hours/shift	38	32.5	65	29.0	103	30.2
Have to work overtime	14	12.0	16	7.1	30	8.8
None	57	48.7	122	54.5	179	52.5
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value
Increased distress and conflicts due to COVID-19	2.7	0.7	2.7	0.6	2.7	0.7	0.04
Worry that colleagues exposed to COVID-19 patients	3.2	1.1	3.2	1.1	3.2	1.1	0.63
Increase workload	2.9	1.0	2.9	0.9	2.9	0.9	0.29
Have to perform duties which never been done before	2.9	1.0	2.7	1.0	2.7	1.0	0.43
Have to work overtime	2.8	1.1	2.5	1.0	2.6	1.0	0.12
More stressful at work	2.5	0.9	2.5	0.9	2.5	0.9	0.76
Conflicts occurred among colleagues at work	2.3	0.9	2.2	0.8	2.2	0.8	0.54
Positive attitude towards stability in working condition	3.4	0.7	3.4	0.6	3.4	0.6	0.99
Being in good working spirit	3.6	0.9	3.7	0.7	3.7	0.8	0.72
Enough employees at work to handle all duties	3.6	1.0	3.6	0.9	3.6	0.9	0.20
Be appreciated by the unit leader	3.1	1.0	3.2	0.8	3.2	0.9	0.70
Be appreciated by the society	3.1	0.8	3.2	0.7	3.2	0.8	0.88
Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure	2.2	0.8	2.1	0.7	2.1	0.7	0.06
Being alienated because employment-related to COVID-19	2.3	0.9	2.3	1.0	2.3	1.0	0.63
Afraid of sharing with family about risks of exposure to COVID-19 at work	2.3	1.1	2.0	1.0	2.1	1.0	0.01
Relatives being alienated because employment related to COVID-19	2.1	1.0	2.1	0.9	2.1	0.9	0.68
Avoid sharing occupational information	2.1	0.9	2.0	0.9	2.0	0.9	0.05

Table 4

Factors associated with impacts of COVID-19 on employment of respondents.

	Increased distress and conflicts due to COVID-19		Positive attitude towards stability in working condition		Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure
	Coef.	95% CI	Coef.	95% CI	Coef.	95% CI
Gender (Female vs male)					–0.14*	–0.28; 0.00
Region (Central vs Northern)					–0.28**	–0.49; –0.06
Age group (vs Under 25)
25–34			0.12	–0.09; 0.33
35–44			0.14	–0.12; 0.39
Above 44			0.25*	–0.01; 0.51
Religion (Yes vs no)	–0.10	–0.24; 0.04
Marital status (Living with spouse vs Single)	0.15**	0.02; 0.29
Education level (High school and below)
Undergraduate	0.02	–0.16; 0.20
Postgraduate	0.15	–0.05; 0.35
Occupation (vs Health workers)
Professional educators	–0.18***	–0.30; –0.05			–0.28***	–0.44; –0.11
White-collar workers			–0.10	–0.23; 0.03
Students	0.28*	–0.02; 0.59			0.30*	–0.06; 0.66
Occupational status (vs Salaried employee)
Self-employed/Unemployed/Retired	–0.53***	–0.80; –0.26	–0.11	–0.30; 0.09	–0.39**	–0.73; –0.04
Others	–0.17	–0.41; 0.06
Number of children			0.05	–0.03; 0.13

[i] *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2976 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996

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Language: English

Published on: Sep 3, 2020

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© 2020 Anh Kim Dang, Xuan Thi Thanh Le, Huong Thi Le, Bach Xuan Tran, Toan Thi Thanh Do, Hanh Thi Bich Phan, Thao Thanh Nguyen, Quan Thi Pham, Nhung Thi Kim Ta, Quynh Thi Nguyen, Quan Van Duong, Men Thi Hoang, Hai Quang Pham, Trang Ha Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger C. M. Ho, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 86 (2020): Issue 1