Figure 1
Epidemic curve of ZIKV cases among pregnant women and confirmed microcephaly cases in Dominican Republic, 2016–2017.
Figure 2
Cases of microcephaly by region, Dominican Republic 2016–2017.
Table 1
Characteristics of newborns with microcephaly.
| INFANTS WITH MICROCEPHALY N = 85 N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male | 47 (55.3) |
| Female | 38 (44.7) |
| Mother’s insurance status during pregnancy | |
| Any | 24 (31.6) |
| None | 52 (68.4) |
| Unknown/Missing | 9 |
| Country of origin | |
| Dominican Republic | 80 (94.1) |
| Haiti | 4 (4.7) |
| Other | 1 (1.2) |
| Care setting | |
| Ambulatory | 3 (3.5) |
| Hospitalized | 76 (89.4) |
| Unknown/Missing | 6 |
| Complications | |
| None | 42 (54.6) |
| Difficulty breathing | 10 (13.0) |
| Unknown | 25 (32.5) |
| Missing | 8 |
| Vital Status | |
| Dead | 1 (1.2) |
| Alive | 84 (98.8) |
| Gestational age | |
| <32 weeks | 1 (1.2) |
| ≥32–36 weeks | 10 (11.8) |
| ≥37 weeks | 74 (87.0) |
| Mother’s Zika Status | |
| Positive | 40 (47.1) |
| Negative | 6 (7.1) |
| Unknown | 39 (45.8) |
Table 2
Factors associated with severe microcephaly*.
| HC = 0 PERCENTILE N = 33 | HC > 0 PERCENTILE N = 47 | CRUDE PRR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 20 (46.5%) | 23 (53.5%) | 1.32 (0.77–2.28) |
| Female | 13 (35.1%) | 24 (64.9%) | ref |
| Region of residence | |||
| Greater Santo Domingo¶ | 14 (35.9%) | 25 (64.1%) | 0.77 (0.45–1.32) |
| All other provinces | 19 (46.3%) | 22 (53.7%) | ref |
| Insurance | |||
| Any | 7 (31.8%) | 15 (68.2%) | 0.71 (0.36–1.41) |
| None | 22 (44.9%) | 27 (55.1%) | ref |
| Women confirmed ZIKV+ | |||
| Yes | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | 1.09 (0.65–1.84) |
| No/unknown | 17 (39.5%) | 26 (60.5%) | ref |
| Preterm birth | |||
| Yes (32–36 weeks) | 4 (40.0%) | 6 (60.0%) | 0.96 (0.43–2.17) |
| No (≥37 weeks) | 29 (41.4%) | 41 (58.6%) | Ref |
[i] * Five cases were excluded because head circumference measurement could not be determined/confirmed.
¶ Includes residents of Monte Plata Province.
PRR = Prevalence Rate Ratio;
CI = Confidence Interval;
Ref = reference category.
Table 3
Sociodemographic characteristics of women with ZIKV during pregnancy who delivered infants without obvious ZIKV-associated birth defects (N = 42).
| VARIABLES | MEAN ± SD OR N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| Mean ± SD (Range) | 26.8 ± 4.9 (17–35) |
| Age at first pregnancy | |
| Mean ± SD | 20.1 ± 3.7 |
| Number of pregnancies | |
| Mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.5 |
| Number of children | |
| Mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 1.2 |
| Previous child with congenital infection | |
| Yes | 2 (4.8) |
| No | 40 (95.2) |
| Family history of birth defects | |
| Yes | 3 (7.1) |
| No | 39 (92.9) |
| Sexually active during pregnancy | |
| Yes | 39 (92.9) |
| No | 3 (7.1) |
| Male partner experienced ZIKV- like symptoms | |
| Yes | 13 (31.0) |
| No | 29 (69.0) |
| History of smoking | |
| Yes | 5 (11.9) |
| No | 37 (88.1) |
| Current alcohol use | |
| Yes | 15 (35.7) |
| No | 27 (64.3) |
| Employed | |
| Yes | 20 (47.6) |
| No | 22 (52.4) |
| Work outdoors | |
| Yes | 19 (45.2) |
| No | 23 (54.8) |
| Timing of Zika symptoms | |
| First trimester | 21 (52.5) |
| Second or third trimester | 19 (47.5) |
| Missing | 2 |
Figure 3
The distribution of weight, height, and head circumference among infant girls and boys.
Figure 4
Proportional Venn Diagram of neurodevelopmental and DDST domain abnormalities.
Figure 5
Sequence plot showing neurodevelopmental abnormalities by clinic visit.