Figure 1
Study area and the location of selected sites for catching Ph. sand flies.
Table 1
Environmental Data Used to Explain Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phlebotomus Population in Response Climate Conditions.
| Data Type | Product | Time | Description | Time duration | Format | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land Surface Temperature | MOD11C 3 | Daytime | Annual | Jan 2000–Dec 2016 | .HDF | MODIS Website |
| Nighttime | ||||||
| 2 m Above Land Surface Air Temperature | ECMWF | 3.5 PM IR | Annual | Jan 2000–Dec 2016 | .NC | http://www.ecmwf.int/ |
| Rainfall | ECMWF | 3.5 PM IR | Annual | Jan 2000–Dec 2016 | .NC | http://www.ecmwf.int/ |
| Radiation | ECMWF | 3.5 PM IR | Annual | Jan 2000–Dec 2016 | .NC | http://www.ecmwf.int/ |
| Vegetation indexes | MOD 13A3 | Monthly | Annual | Jan 2000–Dec 2016 | .HDF | MODIS Website |
[i] ECMWF, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; HDF, Hierarchical Data Format; MODIS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; LST, land surface temperature; DLST, daytime LST; NLST, nighttime LST; NC, Net CDF (Network Common Data Format).
Figure 2
Six rural sites in Bushehr County selected for sand fly collection from January to December, 2016.
Figure 3
Total caught Ph. sand flies in each selected site.
Table 2
The spatial correlation of sand flies caught and the environmental components.
| Spatial correlation | Sig. | |
|---|---|---|
| Tmin | 0.31 | 0.07 |
| Tmax | 0.1 | 4 × 10–8 |
| Tmean | 0.89 | 4 × 10–7 |
| Rain | 0.63 | 32 × 10–5 |
| Radiation | 0.71 | 28 × 10–5 |
| NDVI | 0.44 | 0.03 |
| DLS | 0.62 | 32 × 10–5 |
| NLST | 0.53 | 0.002 |
Figure 4
Spatial association among thermal factors and annual caught Ph. sand flies.
Figure 5
Spatial association between humidity factors and annual caught Ph. sand flies.
Table 3
The multivariate regression model developed for estimating the number of sand flies caught.
| Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | Sig. | Collinearity Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | Std. Error | Beta | Tolerance | VIF | ||||
| 1 | (Constant) | 120258.235 | 1532694.033 | 0.078 | 0.950 | |||
| ndvi | 7976.595 | 43243.444 | 0.139 | 0.184 | 0.884 | 0.265 | 3.772 | |
| tmean | 20414.181 | 17059.148 | 0.865 | 1.197 | 0.443 | 0.287 | 3.489 | |
| rain | 79.286 | 309.037 | 0.146 | 0.257 | 0.840 | 0.460 | 2.176 | |
| rad | –34.795 | 71.932 | –0.208 | –0.484 | 0.713 | 0.807 | 1.239 | |
[i] Dependent Variable: fs.
Table 4
Statistical evaluation of developed linear model for prediction of Ph. sand flies population in Bushehr.
| Model | R | R Square | Adjusted R Square | Std. Error of the Estimate | Durbin-Watson |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.922a | 0.850 | 0.252 | 2790.12823 | 2.161 |
Figure 6
Mean annual temperature as one of the predictors of the Ph. sand fly population in Bushehr Province.
Figure 7
Mean annual solar radiation as one of the predictors of the Ph. sand fly population in Bushehr Province.
Figure 8
Mean annual rainfall as one of the predictors of the Ph. sand fly population in Bushehr Province.
Figure 9
Mean NDVI as one of the predictors of the Ph. sand fly population in Bushehr Province.
Figure 10
Predicted Ph. sand flies vs observed caught sand flies.