Table 1
Summary of the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS).
| NUMBER OF QUESTIONS | RANGE | |
|---|---|---|
| Global rating | 2 | 0–8 |
| Q1: Rate the health of the child’s teeth, lips, jaw, and mouth: “Excellent” = 0, “Very good” = 1, “Good” = 2, “Fair” = 3, “Poor” = 4 | ||
| Q2: Indicate how much the child’s overall well-being is affected by the condition of his/her teeth, lips, jaw, or mouth: “Not at all” = 0, “Very little” = 1, “Some” = 2, “A lot” = 3, “Very much” = 4 | ||
| P-CPQ Subscales | 31 | 0–124 |
| P-CPQ Subscales | ||
| Oral symptoms | 6 | 0–24 |
| Functional limitations | 8 | 0–32 |
| Emotional well-being | 7 | 0–28 |
| Social well-being | 10 | 0–40 |
| How often in the last three months has the child experienced symptoms or discomfort due to the condition of their teeth, lips, mouth, and jaws: “Never” = 0, “Once or twice” = 1, “Sometimes” = 2, “Often” = 3, “Every day or almost every day” = 4 | ||
| FIS Total scale | 14 | 0–56 |
| FIS Subscales | ||
| Parental/family activity | 5 | 0–20 |
| Parental emotions | 4 | 0–16 |
| Family conflict | 4 | 0–16 |
| Financial burden | 1 | 0–4 |
| During the last three months, how often … (has there been disagreement or conflict in your family)… because of your child’s condition’: “Never” = 0, “Once or twice” = 1, “Sometimes” = 2, “Often” = 3, “Every day or almost every day” = 4 | ||
Table 2
Demographics and dental health status of child and caregiver.
| TOTAL N N (%) | |
|---|---|
| All Children n | 66 (100%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 32 (48.5%) |
| Female | 34 (51.5%) |
| Child Age categories | |
| 0 to 5 years | 14 (21.2%) |
| 6 to 11 years | 30 (45.5%) |
| 12 to 18 years | 22 (33.3%) |
| DFT/dft categories | |
| 0 to 4 teeth | 24 (36.4%) |
| 5 to 9 teeth | 24 (36.4%) |
| 10 to 20 teeth | 18 (27.3%) |
| Untreated dental decay* | 64 (96.9%) |
| All Caregivers | 35 (100%) |
| Caregiver age categories | |
| 18 to 30 years | 11 (31.4%) |
| 31 to 40 years | 12 (34.3%) |
| 41 to 76 years | 12 (34.3%) |
| Caregiver DFT categories | |
| 0 to 6 teeth | 12 (34.3%) |
| 7 to 11 teeth | 12 (34.3%) |
| > 11 teeth | 9 (25.7%) |
| Missing data | 2 (5.7%) |
| Surveys completed by | |
| Mother | 29 (82.9%) |
| Other caregiver | 6 (17.1%) |
| Mean ± SD; Median (IQR) | |
| Child age, yr, mean ± SD, median (IQR) | 9.4 ± 4.4; 9.0 (6.0, 13.0) |
| Child DFT/dft, mean ± SD, median (IQR) | 6.8 ± 4.5; 6.5 (3.0, 10.0) |
| Caregiver age, yr, mean ± SD, median (IQR) | 37.7 ± 13.3; 35.0 (29.0, 42.0) |
| DFT, mean ± SD, median (IQR) | 8.7 ± 4.7; 9.0 (5.0, 11.5) |
[i] DFT/dft: Decayed filled teeth.
* Primary or permanent dentition.
Table 3
P-CPQ and FIS scores and correlation of scores with child DFT/dft.
| MEAN ± SD, MEDIAN (IQR) | CORRELATION | |
|---|---|---|
| Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire | ||
| Global Rating of Oral Health (0–4) | 3.0 ± 0.7, 3.0 (3.0, 3.0) | 0.08 |
| Global Rating of Overall Well-Being (0–4) | 2.5 ± 1.1, 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 0.06 |
| Total P-CPQ (0–124) | 33.4 ± 20.0, 33.0 (17.0, 45.0) | 0.03 |
| Oral Symptoms (0–24) | 9.9 ± 5.7, 9.0 (6.0, 12.5) | –0.13 |
| Functional Limitations (0–32) | 9.2 ± 6.8, 10.0 (3.0, 12.5) | –0.05 |
| Emotional Well-Being (0–28) | 7.2 ± 4.9, 7.0 (4.0, 10.0) | 0.14 |
| Social Well-Being (0–40) | 7.1 ± 6.7, 7.0 (1.5, 9.5) | 0.14 |
| Family Impact Scale | ||
| Total FIS (0–56) | 12.5 ± 7.9, 11.0 (8.0, 18.0) | 0.30* |
| Parental/Family Activity (0–20) | 5.2 ± 4.1, 4.0 (2.0, 7.5) | 0.26 |
| Parental Emotions (0–16) | 4.4 ± 2.9, 4.0 (2.0, 7.5) | 0.09 |
| Family Conflict (0–16) | 1.9 ± 2.6, 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.25 |
| Financial Burden (0–4) | 1.0 ± 1.1, 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.26 |
[i] * Significant at p < 0.05.
N = 64 children with DFT/dft scores and oral health related quality of life data.
P-CPQ: Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire.
FIS: Family Impact scale.
Table 4
Regression analysis of child’s DFT/dft.
| MEAN (SD) OR CORRELATION* | UNADJUSTED MODEL† | ADJUSTED MODEL‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESTIMATE(95% CI) | P VALUE | ESTIMATE(95% CI) | P VALUE | ||
| Children | |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 6.8 (4.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 6.9 (4.4) | 0.2 (–1.9, 2.3) | 0.86 | 0.1 (–2.0, 2.2) | 0.94 |
| Age | |||||
| 0 to 5 years | 7.4 (4.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 6 to 11 years | 6.9 (4.8) | –0.4 (–3.6, 2.8) | 0.80 | –0.4 (–3.3, 2.5) | 0.80 |
| 12 to 18 years | 6.4 (4.3) | –0.9 (–4.1, 2.2) | 0.55 | 0.2 (–2.8, 3.1) | 0.91 |
| Caregivers | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 18 to 30 years | 8.5 (4.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 31 to 40 years | 5.2 (4.0) | –3.3 (–6.3, –0.3) | 0.03* | –3.8 (–6.5, –1.1) | <0.01* |
| >40 years | 7.6 (5.2) | –0.9 (–4.2, 2.4) | 0.60 | 0.2 (–2.6, 3.1) | 0.87 |
| DFT | |||||
| 0 to 6 teeth | 5.1 (4.4) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 7 to 11 teeth | 7.9 (3.6) | 2.8 (0.4, 5.1) | 0.02* | 2.6 (0.7, 4.4) | < 0.01* |
| >11 teeth | 8.8 (5.1) | 3.7 (0.3, 7.1) | 0.03* | 2.8 (-0.2, 5.8) | 0.07 |
| Surveys completed by | |||||
| Mother | 6.6 (6.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Other caregiver | 7.1 (4.2) | 0.4 (–4.1, 4.9) | 0.85 | –2.0 (–5.3, 1.4) | 0.26 |
| OHRQoL | |||||
| Total P-CPQ | R = 0.03 | 0.01 (–0.06, 0.07) | 0.86 | –0.06 (–0.13, 0.00) | 0.06 |
| Total FIS | R = 0.30 | 0.18 (0.01, 0.35) | 0.04* | 0.31 (0.10, 0.53) | <0.01* |
[i] † N = 66 for child gender, age; N = 64 for caregiver age and gender, P-CPQ and FIS; N = 58 for caregiver DFT
‡ N = 58.
* Significant at p < 0.05.
DFT/dft: Decayed filled teeth.
P-CPQ: Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire.
FIS: Family Impact scale.