Figure 1
Article selection process flowchart.
Table 1
Details of final sample of articles describing facilitators and barriers to female condom acceptability in low- and middle-income countries, N = 14.
| AUTHOR | TITLE | YEAR | COUNTRY | POPULATION | METHODOLOGY | KEY BARRIERS | KEY FACILITATORS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhou et al. [22] | Short-term acceptability of female condom use among low-fee female sex workers in China: A follow-up study | 2019 | China | Female sex workers aged 18–60 years, who charge less than or equal to 80 RMB (approximately $0.16 USD) per vaginal sex transaction | Quantitative; follow-up study; n = 312 | Partner acceptability, Functionality | Supportive attitudes |
| Ting, Wong, & Tnay [23] | A pilot study on the functional performance of the acceptability of an innovative female condom (Wondaleaf) in Malaysia | 2018 | Malaysia | Sexually active heterosexual women aged 18–50 years | Mixed methods; follow-up study; n = 51 | Partner acceptability, functionality | Reproductive control, protection confidence |
| Schuyler et al. [62] | Building young women’s knowledge and skills in female condom use: Lessons learned from a South African intervention | 2016 | South Africa | Black South African female full-time university students, aged 18 years and older, HIV-negative, self-reported condom-less vaginal intercourse in the previous 2 months, not pregnant or wanting to be pregnant in the next 9 months | Mixed methods; randomized controlled trial, n = 296; qualitative in-depth interviews, n = 39 | Partner acceptability | Reproductive control, protection confidence |
| Wang, Liu, & Cheng [25] | Acceptability of the Phoenurse female condom and second-generation Femidom female condom in Chinese women | 2016 | China | Sexually active women aged 20-49 years, in a monogamous partnership | Quantitative; randomized, crossover clinical trial; n = 290 | Aesthetics, functionality, partner acceptability | Repeated use |
| Wu et al. [31] | Short-term acceptability of the Woman’s Condom among married couples in Shanghai | 2016 | China | Heterosexual monogamous couples, aged 18 years and older who had been together for at least 6 months, not pregnant or breastfeeding or seeking to be pregnant, using non-barrier contraception or not at risk of pregnancy | Mixed methods; non-randomized clinical trial; n = 60 (couples) | Aesthetics, functionality | Repeated use |
| Mantell et al. [29] | Promoting female condom use among female university students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Results of a randomized behavioral trial | 2015 | South Africa | Full-time female university students, aged 18 years and older, HIV-negative or status unknown, not pregnant or wanting to be pregnant in the next 9 months, reported condom-less vaginal intercourse in the past 2 months | Quantitative; randomized behavioral trial; n = 296 | Partner acceptability | Repeated use, reproductive control |
| Wang et al. [27] | Awareness of female condoms and failures reported with two different types in China | 2015 | China | Sexually active women aged 20-49 years old, in monogamous partnerships | Quantitative; randomized, crossover trial; n = 290 | Access | Repeated use |
| Masvawure et al. [24] | “It’s a different condom, let’s see how it works”: Young men’s reactions to and experiences of female condom use during an intervention trial in South Africa | 2014 | South Africa | Sexually active men aged 18-28 years old, whose partners (female university students) were enrolled in an FC intervention trial | Qualitative; cross-sectional survey; n = 38 | Aesthetics, functionality | Protection confidence |
| Nie et al. [34] | Promoting female condoms in the sex industry in 4 towns of Southern China: Context matters | 2013 | China | Women aged 16 years and older, sexually active in the prior 30 days | Quantitative; cohort study; n = 445 | Access | Protection confidence |
| Liao et al. [33] | Female condom use in the rural sex industry in China: analysis of users and non-users at post-intervention surveys | 2011 | China | Women working in commercial sex establishments, aged 16 years and older, who self-reported having been sexually active in the previous 30 days | Quantitative; cohort study; n = 152 surveys | Functionality, partner acceptability, access | Supportive attitudes |
| Wanyenze et al. [26] | The new female condom (FC2) in Uganda: perceptions and experiences of users and their sexual partners | 2011 | Uganda | Mixed (female sex workers, sexually active women, HIV+ men and women, health providers) | Qualitative; 16 in-depth interviews (8 women and 8 men); 8 focus group discussions (women); 22 key informant interviews (providers) | Partner acceptability, access | Supportive attitudes, reproductive control |
| Hou et al. [28] | A crossover comparison of two types of female condoms | 2010 | China | Female sex workers | Quantitative; crossover randomized clinical trial; n = 291 | Functionality, partner acceptability, aesthetics | Supportive attitudes |
| Mack et al. [30] | Introducing female condoms to female sex workers in Central America | 2010 | El Salvador and Nicaragua | Female sex workers | Mixed methods; cross-over trial; two rounds of FGDs (n = 115 first round, n = 81 second round); IDIs with individual FSWs | Functionality, access | Repeated use, supportive attitudes, reproductive control |
| Lara et al. [32] | Acceptability and use of the female condom and diaphragm among sex workers in Dominican Republic: Results from a prospective study | 2009 | Dominican Republic | Female sex workers, aged 18-35, not currently pregnant or wanting to be pregnant in the next 5 months, having at least four instances of vaginal sex in the last month | Quantitative; prospective survey; n = 243 | Functionality | Supportive attitudes, repeated use |
| Superscript numbers on the names of author(s) refer to the References in main manuscript | |||||||