Table 1
Descriptive statistics of the sample population.
| EXPLANATORY VARIABLES | N | % | MEAN | STD.DEV. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Factors: | ||||
| Age | 7202 | 31.5 | 10.978 | |
| Gender | 7202 | |||
| female | 47.8 | 0.52 | 0.50 | |
| male | 52.2 | |||
| Marital Status | 7202 | |||
| married | 77.0 | 0.41 | 0.769 | |
| single | 17.5 | |||
| separated/divorced/widowed | 5.5 | |||
| Pre-migration residency | 6964 | |||
| Aleppo | 60.1 | 0.38 | 0.485 | |
| other | 36.6 | |||
| War-related conditions: | 6964 | |||
| Damage to the house in Syria | 42.2 | |||
| completely destroyed | 16.0 | 1.33 | 1.397 | |
| very damaged | 8.6 | |||
| less damaged | 24.0 | |||
| I do not know | 6.0 | |||
| undamaged | ||||
| Family member died during the war | 6964 | 0.07 | 0.370 | |
| Years in Turkey | 6871 | 3.47 | 1.397 | |
| SES factors: | ||||
| Education | 7202 | |||
| illiterate | 21.9 | 1.60 | .994 | |
| literate but no formal schooling | 9.0 | |||
| primary/secondary school | 58.4 | |||
| high school | 8.2 | |||
| university/post-grad. | 2.4 | |||
| Income in Syria (in log) | 6146 | 8.47 | 1.962 | |
| Working status in Syria | 7188 | 0.37 | 0.482 | |
| working | 36.8 | |||
| not working | 63.0 | |||
| Health Risk Behaviours: | ||||
| Tobacco use | 6964 | |||
| current tobacco user | 13.4 | 1.71 | 0.695 | |
| not current tobacco user but the past user | 1.4 | |||
| not past and current tobacco user | 81.9 | |||
| BMI | 6794 | |||
| healthy weight | 58.2 | 2.20 | 1.044 | |
| underweight | 2.7 | |||
| overweight | 28.4 | |||
| obese | 5.1 | |||
| Daily activity | 6964 | 16.85 | 9.329 | |
| Health Services Use: | ||||
| Health insurance | 6964 | |||
| yes | 5.5 | 0.06 | 0.232 | |
| no | 91.2 | |||
| Health-care services use | 6964 | |||
| yes | 65.1 | 0.67 | 0.469 | |
| no | 31.6 | |||
| Health Literacy | 6964 | 18.12 | 9.591 | |
Table 2
Multiple logistic regression estimates.
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE (CARDIAC DISEASEa) | β | PROB. | OR (CI 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age | .080*** | .000 | 1.083 (1.065–1.102) |
| Genderb | |||
| female | .231 | .488 | 1.260 (0.656–2.420) |
| Marital Statusc | |||
| married | –.798* | .042 | 0.450 (0.209–0.972) |
| separated/divorced/widowed | –.460 | .375 | 0.631 (0.229–1.743) |
| Pre-migration residencyd | |||
| Aleppo | –.098 | .670 | 0.907 (0.578–1.422) |
| War–related conditions | |||
| Number of family members who died during the war | .229 | .191 | 1.257 (0.892–1.773) |
| Damage to the house in Syriae | |||
| completely destroyed | –.075 | .880 | 0.927 (0.348–2.475) |
| very damaged | .285 | .582 | 1.330 (0.482–3.674) |
| less damaged | .548 | .310 | 1.729 (0.600–4.982) |
| I don’t know | .282 | .582 | 1.326 (0.486–3.617) |
| Years spent in Turkey | .071 | .369 | 1.073 (0.920–1.252) |
| Socio-economic status | |||
| Educationf | |||
| ılleterate | –.055 | .934 | 0.946 (0.258–3.478) |
| literate | –.057 | .941 | 0.945 (0.213–4.200) |
| primary/secondary school | –.326 | .614 | 0.722 (0.204–2.556) |
| high school | –.232 | .749 | 0.793 (0.190–3.299) |
| Pre-migration income (in log) | .074 | .243 | 1.076 (0.951–1.218) |
| Pre-migration working statusg | |||
| not working | –.304 | .321 | 0.738 (0.405–1.345) |
| Health risk behaviours | |||
| Tobacco useh | |||
| current user | .757** | .002 | 2.132 (1.316–3.455) |
| not current user but the past user | .045 | .944 | 1.046 (0.296–3.699) |
| BMIi | |||
| obese | 1.217*** | .000 | 3.378 (1.799–6.345) |
| overweight | .581* | .013 | 1.788 (1.129–2.833) |
| underweight | .397 | .600 | 1.487 (0.338–6.534) |
| Daily activity (minutes) | –.002 | .872 | 0.998 (0.974–1.022) |
| Health services | |||
| Health insurancej | |||
| no | –.335 | .396 | 0.715 (0.330–1.551) |
| Health-care usek | |||
| no | –.976** | .001 | 0.377 (0.211–0.674) |
| Health literacy | –.028 | .052 | 0.972 (0.945–1.000) |
| Pseudo R-Square | .203 | ||
[i] Note: Reference categories are (a) no; (b) male; (c) single; (d) other; (e) undamaged; (f) university/post graduate; (g) working; (h) not past and current tobacco user; (i) healthy weight; (j) yes; (k) yes. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; and * p < 0.05.
Table 3
Multiple logistic regression estimates.
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DIABETESa) | β | PROB. | OR (CI 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age | .085*** | .000 | 1.089 (1.070–1.107) |
| Genderb | |||
| female | .129 | .688 | 1.138 (0.607–2.132) |
| Marital Statusc | |||
| married | –1.298*** | .000 | 0.273 (0.139–0.537) |
| separated/divorced/widowed | –1.010** | .035 | 0.364 (0.143–0.930) |
| Pre-migration residencyd | |||
| Aleppo | –.110 | .622 | 0.896 (0.580–1.386) |
| War–related conditions | |||
| Number of family members who died during the war | .041 | .592 | 1.042 (0.896–1.212) |
| Damage to the house in Syriae | |||
| completely destroyed | –.182 | .695 | 0.833 (0.335–2.072) |
| very damaged | .519 | .273 | 1.680 (0.664–4.251) |
| less damaged | –.187 | .733 | 0.829 (0.283–2.429) |
| ı don’t know | –.156 | .752 | 0.856 (0.325–2.249) |
| Years in Turkey | .041 | .592 | 1.042 (0.896–1.212) |
| Socio–economic status | |||
| Educationf | |||
| ılleterate | –.146 | .829 | 0.864 (0.231–3.240) |
| literate | –.763 | .392 | 0.466 (0.081–2.674) |
| primary/secondary school | –.101 | .877 | 0.904 (0.253–3.232) |
| high school | .302 | .668 | 1.352 (0.341–5.357) |
| Pre–migration income (in log) | .135* | .032 | 1.144 (1.012–1.294) |
| Pre–migration working statusg | |||
| not working | –.159 | .589 | 0.853 (0.480–1.517) |
| Health risk behaviours | |||
| Tobacco useh | |||
| current user | .228 | .400 | 1.256 (0.738–2.138) |
| not current user but the past user | 1.072** | .017 | 2.921 (1.212–7.040) |
| BMIi | |||
| obese | 1.349*** | .000 | 3.855 (2.088–7.117) |
| overweight | .558* | .016 | 1.747 (1.108–2.754) |
| underweight | .242 | .750 | 1.274 (0.287–5.660) |
| Daily activity (minutes) | –.024* | .044 | 0.976 (0.953–0.999) |
| Health services | |||
| Health insurancej | |||
| no | 1.281* | .040 | 3.600 (1.057–12.26) |
| Health–care usek | |||
| no | –.977** | .001 | 0.377 (0.210–0.675) |
| Health literacy | –.034* | .014 | 0.966 (0.940–0.993) |
| Pseudo R–Square | .221 |
[i] Note: Reference categories are (a) no; (b) male; (c) single; (d) other; (e) undamaged; (f) university/post graduate; (g) working; (h) not past and current tobacco user ; (i) healthy weight; (j) yes; (k) yes. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; and * p < 0.05.
Table 4
Multiple logistic regression estimates.
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE (HYPERTENSIONa) | β | PROB. | OR (CI 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age | .069*** | .000 | 1.072 (1.057–1.087) |
| Genderb | |||
| female | .600* | .021 | 1.822 (1.096–3.029) |
| Marital Statusc | |||
| married | –.611* | .037 | 0.543 (0.306–0.963) |
| separated/divorced/widowed | –.658 | .112 | 0.518 (0.230–1.165) |
| Pre–migration residencyd | |||
| Aleppo | –.073 | .684 | 0.929 (0.653–1.323) |
| War–related conditions | |||
| Number of family members who died during the war | .391** | .001 | 1.479 (1.173–1.865) |
| Damage to the house in Syriae | |||
| completely destroyed | .101 | .797 | 1.106 (0.512–2.393) |
| very damaged | .592 | .143 | 1.808 (0.819–3.994) |
| less damaged | .336 | .448 | 1.400 (0.587–3.338) |
| I don’t know | .190 | .645 | 1.209 (0.539–2.709) |
| Years in Turkey | .029 | .624 | 1.030 (0.915–1.159) |
| Socio–economic status | |||
| Educationf | |||
| ılleterate | –.195 | .706 | 0.823 (0.298–2.267) |
| literate | –.855 | .191 | 0.425 (0.118–1.532) |
| primary/secondary school | –.261 | .599 | 0.770 (0.291–2.039) |
| high school | –.037 | .946 | 0.964 (0.329–2.825) |
| Pre–migration income (in log) | .079 | .102 | 1.083 (0.984–1.191) |
| Pre–migration working statusg | |||
| not working | –.107 | .671 | 0.899 (0.549–1.471) |
| Health risk behaviours | |||
| Tobacco useh | |||
| current user | .370 | .086 | 1.447 (0.949–2.206) |
| not current user but the past user | .680 | .122 | 1.974 (0.834–4.674) |
| BMIi | |||
| obese | 1.240*** | .000 | 3.456 (2.132–5.604) |
| overweight | .539** | .003 | 1.714 (1.197–2.455) |
| underweight | .933* | .039 | 2.543 (1.047–6.180) |
| Daily activity (minutes) | .001 | .925 | 1.001 (0.982–1.020) |
| Health services | |||
| Health insurancej | |||
| no | –.226 | .464 | 0.798 (0.435–1.462) |
| Health–care usek | |||
| no | –.784*** | .000 | 0.456 0(.295–.0705) |
| Health literacy | –.024* | .023 | 0.977 0(.957–0.997) |
| Pseudo R–Square | 0.153 |
[i] Note: Reference categories are (a) no; (b) male; (c) single; (d) other; (e) undamaged; (f) university/post graduate; (g) working; (h) not past and current tobacco user; (i) healthy weight; (j) yes; (k) yes. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; and * p < 0.05.