Table 1
Characteristics of Respondents (n = 61).
| CHARACTERISTIC | ALL (N = 61) | HIC (N = 36) | LMIC (N = 25) | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender± | ||||
| Female | 35 (58.3%)¥ | 27 (75.0%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.001a |
| Male | 25 (41.7%)¥ | 9 (25.0%) | 16 (66.7%) | |
| Training Stage | ||||
| Post-doctoral | 45 (73.8%) | 28 (77.8%) | 17 (68.0%) | 0.393a |
| Pre-doctoral | 16 (26.2%) | 8 (22.2%) | 8 (32.0%) | |
| Degree Status at Time of UJMT Program | ||||
| Already had MD | 28 (45.9%) | 15 (41.7%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.095b |
| Already had PhD | 9 (14.6%) | 4 (11.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | |
| Pursuing MD | 7 (11.5%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Pursuing PhD | 17 (27.9%) | 10 (27.8%) | 7 (28.0%) | |
| Area of Study at time of UJMT Program | ||||
| Basic Science | 12 (19.7%) | 10 (27.8%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.099b |
| Secondary Data Analysis | 13 (21.3%) | 9 (25.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.399a |
| Clinical Trial | 11 (18.0%) | 8 (22.2%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.500b |
| Public Health/Health Education | 30 (49.2%) | 19 (52.8%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0.500a |
| Implementation Science | 11 (18.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.005b |
| Prior Experiences in Global Health Training | ||||
| Never | 13 (21.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 11 (44.0%) | <0.001b |
| 1–2 | 26 (42.6%) | 17 (47.2%) | 9 (36.0%) | |
| 3–5 | 14 (23.0%) | 13 (36.1%) | 1 (4.0%) | |
| More than 5 | 8 (13.1%) | 4 (11.1%) | 4 (16.0%) |
[i] ± Total n in this row equals 60 – one participant did not answer about gender.
a Chi-square test.
b Fisher’s exact test.
Table 2
Participants’ Self-reported Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Decolonizing Global Health.
| ITEM | ALL (N = 61) | HIC (N = 36) | LMIC (N = 25) | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Knowledge of Decolonization of Global Health | ||||
| Never heard of it | 5 (8.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0.019b |
| Know a little | 45 (73.8%) | 29 (80.6%) | 16 (64.0%) | |
| Know a lot | 11 (18.0%) | 7 (19.4%) | 4 (16.0%) | |
| “I am supportive of the current movement toward decolonization of global health.” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000b |
| Neutral | 4 (6.6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 2 (8.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 57 (93.4%) | 34 (94.4%) | 23 (92.0%) | |
| “I am worried that the current movement toward decolonization of global health will do more harm than good.” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 45 (73.8%) | 26 (72.2%) | 19 (76.0%) | 0.274b |
| Neutral | 9 (14.8%) | 4 (11.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 7 (11.5%) | 6 (16.7%) | 1 (4.0%) | |
| “I feel excited because decolonization will give more opportunities for people in LMICs to succeed in global health research.” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.430b |
| Neutral | 7 (11.5%) | 3 (8.3%) | 4 (16.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 54 (88.5%) | 33 (91.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | |
| “I feel defensive like I am being accused of doing something wrong.” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 46 (75.4%) | 29 (80.6%) | 17 (68.0%) | 0.126b |
| Neutral | 13 (21.3%) | 5 (13.9%) | 8 (32.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| “I feel hopeful that decolonization will actually reduce global health inequalities” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.106b |
| Neutral | 14 (23.0%) | 11 (30.6%) | 3 (12.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 45 (73.8%) | 23 (63.9%) | 22 (88.0%) | |
| “I feel guilty because I personally benefitted from colonialism.” | ||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 29 (47.5%) | 12 (33.3%) | 17 (68.0%) | 0.001a |
| Neutral | 16 (26.2%) | 9 (25.0%) | 7 (28.0%) | |
| Agree/Strongly Agree | 16 (26.2%) | 15 (41.7%) | 1 (4.0%) |
[i] a Chi-square test.
b Fisher’s exact test.
Table 3
Main categories of responses in defining what decolonizing means.
| LMIC RESPONDENTS (N = 20) | HIC RESPONDENTS (N = 33) | TOTAL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actively eliminating power imbalances | 7 (35%) | 14 (42%) | 21 |
| Prioritizing local needs | 4 (20%) | 7 (21%) | 11 |
| Promoting local leadership | 5 (25%) | 5 (15%) | 10 |
| Providing equitable opportunities for all | 3 (15%) | 6 (18%) | 9 |
| Ensuring programs are culturally appropriate | 1 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 2 |
Table 4
Perceptions of the Impact of Historical Colonialism on Aspects of Global Health.
| WHAT DO YOU THINK THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM HAS BEEN ON… | All (N = 61) | HIC (N = 36) | LMIC (N = 25) | P VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ….the total amount of funding available for global health today | ||||
| Negative | 23 (37.7%) | 12 (33.3%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0.602a |
| Neutral | 13 (21.3%) | 9 (25.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | |
| Positive | 25 (41.0%) | 15 (41.7%) | 10 (40.0%) | |
| …which research questions get asked in global health. | ||||
| Negative | 35 (57.4%) | 24 (66.7%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0.012a |
| Neutral | 9 (14.8%) | 7 (19.4%) | 2 (8.0%) | |
| Positive | 17 (27.9%) | 5 (13.9%) | 12 (48.0%) | |
| …. which research questions get prioritized for funding in global health. | ||||
| Negative | 40 (65.6%) | 27 (75.0%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.088a |
| Neutral | 3 (4.9%) | 2 (5.6%) | 1 (4.0%) | |
| Positive | 18 (29.5%) | 7 (19.4%) | 11 (44.0%) | |
| …developing collaborative relationships in global health research. | ||||
| Negative | 31 (50.8%) | 25 (69.4%) | 6 (24.0%) | <0.001b |
| Neutral | 8 (13.1%) | 5 (13.9%) | 3 (12.0%) | |
| Positive | 22 (36.1%) | 6 (16.7%) | 16 (64.0%) | |
| …the data/statistical analyses used in global health research. | ||||
| Negative | 19 (31.2%) | 11 (30.6%) | 8 (32.0%) | <0.001a |
| Neutral | 27 (44.3%) | 22 (61.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | |
| Positive | 15 (24.6%) | 3 (8.3%) | 12 (48.0%) | |
| …authorship decisions on global health papers. | ||||
| Negative | 39 (63.9%) | 27 (75.0%) | 12 (48.0%) | 0.092b |
| Neutral | 11 (18.0%) | 5 (13.9%) | 6 (24.0%) | |
| Positive | 11 (18.0%) | 4 (11.1%) | 7 (28.0%) | |
| …equal career advancement opportunities for all people in global health. | ||||
| Negative | 41 (67.2%) | 28 (77.8%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0.060b |
| Neutral | 5 (8.2%) | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (8.0%) | |
| Positive | 15 (24.6%) | 5 (13.9%) | 10 (40.0%) | |
| …global health research, overall. | ||||
| Negative | 35 (57.4%) | 24 (66.7%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0.129b |
| Neutral | 6 (9.8%) | 4 (11.1%) | 2 (8.0%) | |
| Positive | 20 (32.8%) | 8 (22.2%) | 12 (48.0%) |
[i] a Chi-square test.
b Fisher’s exact test.
Figure 1
Perceptions of the Impact of Colonialism on Several Aspects of Global Health (*** indicates statistically significant findings).