
Mining Migrant Worker Recruitment Policy and the Production of a Silicosis Epidemic in Late 20th-Century Southern Africa
References
- Crush J, Jeeves A, Yudelman D. South Africa’s Labor Empire. A History of Black Migrancy to the Gold Mines. Witwatersrand University Press; 1991.
- McCulloch J. South Africa’s Gold Mines and the Politics of Silicosis. James Currey; 2012.
- Ehrlich RI, Montgomery A, Akugizibwe P, Gonsalves G. Health implications of changing trends in the origins and characteristics of mineworkers in South Africa, 1973–2012. BMC Public Health. 2017; 18(1): 93. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4640-x
- Rees D, Murray J, Nelson G, Sonnenberg P. Oscillating migration and the epidemics of silicosis, tuberculosis and HIV infection in South African gold miners. Am J Ind Med. 2010; 53(4): 398–404. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20716
- Park HH, Girdler-Brown BV, Churchyard GJ, White NW, Ehrlich RI. Incidence of tuberculosis and HIV and progression of silicosis and lung function impairment among former Basotho gold miners. Am J Ind Med. 2009; 52(12): 901–908. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20767
- Ehrlich R, Akugizibwe P, Siegfried N, Rees D. Silica exposure, silicosis and tuberculosis—a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21: 953. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10711-1
- Corbett EL, Churchyard GJ, Clayton TC, et al. HIV infection and silicosis: the impact of two potent risk factors on the incidence of mycobacterial disease in South African miners. AIDS. 2000; 14(17): 2759–2768. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200012010-00016
- Nelson G, Girdler-Brown B, Ndlovu N, Murray J. Three decades of silicosis: disease trends at autopsy in South African gold miners. Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118: 421–426. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900918
- Cowie RL, van Schalkwyk MG. The prevalence of silicosis in Orange Free State gold miners. J Occup Med. 1988; 29(1): 44–46.
- Knight D, Ehrlich RI, Fielding K, Jeffery H, Grant A, Churchyard G. Trends in silicosis prevalence and the healthy worker effect among active gold miners in South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 1258. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2566-8
- White NW, Steen TW, Trapido ASM. Occupational lung diseases among former goldminers in two labour sending areas. S Afr Med J. 2001; 91(7): 599–604.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/samj/article/view/140041 . - Churchyard GJ, Ehrlich R, teWaterNaude JM, et al. Silicosis prevalence and exposure-response relations in South African goldmines. Occup Environ Med. 2004; 61: 811–816. DOI: 10.1136/oem.2003.010967
- Davies JC. Sound an alarm! S Afr Med J. 1994; 84: 133–134. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7187(94)90032-9
- Davies JC. Silicosis and tuberculosis among South African goldminers—an overview of recent studies and current issues. S Afr Med J. 2001; 91(7): 562–566.
- Ehrlich RI. A century of miners’ compensation in South Africa. Am J Ind Med. 2012; 55(6): 560–569. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22030
- Kistnasamy B, Yassi A, Yu J, et al. Tackling injustices of occupational lung disease acquired in South African mines: recent developments and ongoing challenges. Global Health. 2018; 14(1): 60. DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0376-3
- Minerals Council South Africa. Joint effort to improve the occupational lung disease compensation system. Fact sheet. February 2020. Accessed November 27, 2022.
https://www.mineralscouncil.org.za/search-results?q=compensation . - Tshiamiso Trust. Origins of the Trust. Accessed November 27, 2022.
https://www.tshiamisotrust.com/about/origins/ . - Sun Y, Bochmann F, Morfeld P, et al. Change of exposure response over time and long-term risk of silicosis among a cohort of Chinese pottery workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011; 8(7): 2923–2936. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8072923
- Leger JP. Occupational disease in South African mines—a neglected epidemic. S Afr Med J. 1992: 76: 557–561.
- Knight D, Ehrlich R, Cois, A, Fielding K, Grant A, Churchyard G. Predictors of silicosis in an industry wide study of working gold miners. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 829. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08876-2
- Álvarez RF, González CM, Martínez AQ, Pérez JJB, Fernández LC, Fernández AP. Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2015; 51(2): 86–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2014.07.002
- Muggeo VMR. Estimating regression models with unknown break-points. Stat Med. 2003; 22(19): 3055–3071. DOI: 10.1002/sim.1545
- Republic of South Africa (Department of Minerals and Energy). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Health and Safety in the Mining Industry. Vol. 1. Dept of Minerals and Energy; 1995. Accessed December 24, 2022.
https://www.dmr.gov.za/Portals/0/Resource%20Center/Reports%20and%20Other%20Documents/2003_Leon%20Commission_Volume%201.pdf?ver=2018-03-13-020431-270 . - Unsted AD.
Personal gravimetric dust sampling and risk assessment . Johannesburg: Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee (SIMRAC). Project GAP046; March 1996. Accessed December 24, 2022.https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/1680 . - Brouwer DH, Rees D. Can the South African milestones for reducing exposure to respirable crystalline silica and silicosis be achieved and reliably monitored? Front Public Health. 2020; 8: 107. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00107
- National Centre for Occupational Health (NCOH). A Report on Occupational Health Indicators for South Africa Part II. Report no. 1/99. NCOH. 1999; 16–24.
- Hnizdo E, Sluis-Cremer G. Risk of silicosis in a cohort of white South African gold miners. Am J Ind Med. 1993; 24: 447–457. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700240409
- Ehrlich R, Barker S, Tsang VWL, Kistnasamy B, Yassi A. Access of migrant gold miners to workers’ compensation for occupational lung disease: quantifying a legacy of injustice. J Migr Health. 2021; 4: 100065. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100065
- Kane-Berman J.
Mining in SA: Then, now, and into the future—IRR . Politicsweb; February 15, 2017.https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/mining-in-sa-then-now-and-into-the-future--irr . - Wilson F. Minerals and migrants: how the mining industry has shaped South Africa. Daedalus. 2001; 30(1): 99–121.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027681 . - Cowie RL. Silicosis, Pulmonary Dysfunction and Respiratory Symptoms in South African Gold Miners. Dissertation. University of Cape Town; 1987: 1–188.
- Marks S. The silent scourge? Silicosis, respiratory disease and gold-mining in South Africa. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2006; 32(4): 569–589. DOI: 10.1080/13691830600609975
- First R. Black Gold: The Mozambiquan Miner, Proletarian and Peasant. Harvester Press; 1983.
- Maboso BM, Moyo DM, Muteba KM, et al. Burden of disease among Basotho ex-miners in a large out-reach medical assessment programme. Occup Health Southern Afr. 2020; 26(4): 145–152.
https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-ohsa-v26-n4-a2 . - Aids and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA). The mining sector, tuberculosis and migrant labour in Southern Africa; 2008. Accessed December 6, 2022.
http://catalogue.safaids.net/sites/default/files/publications/The%20Mining%20Sector,%20Tuberculosis%20and%20Migrant%20Labour%20in%20Southern%20Africa.pdf . - Fair/Square. Qatar. Accessed December 6, 2022.
https://fairsq.org/category/qatar/page/2/ .
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4059 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996
Language: English
Submitted on: Jan 19, 2023
Accepted on: Mar 1, 2023
Published on: Mar 27, 2023
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2023 Rodney Ehrlich, Stephen Barker, Alex Montgomery, Peter Lewis, Barry Kistnasamy, Annalee Yassi, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.