Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in Northern Egypt Cover

Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in Northern Egypt

Open Access
|Sep 2024

References

  1. UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics—fact sheet. 2022. Published August 10, 2023. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.
  2. UNAIDS. Country progress report—Egypt. Global AIDS Monitoring 2019. 2019. Published 2020. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/EGY_2019_countryreport.pdf.
  3. WHO. Antiretroviral therapy coverage. Estimates by Country. 2022. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.23300?lang=en.
  4. Al-Ahram. 22,000 people living with AIDS in Egypt. Al-Ahram Online. 2022. https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1236/480929/Egypt/Health/,-people-living-with-AIDS-in-Egypt-Health-ministry.aspx
  5. Turner BJ. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy by human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients. J Infect Dis. 2002;15(185):340197.
  6. Eggleton JS, Nagalli S. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
  7. Rodger AJ, Lodwick R, Schechter M, et al. Mortality in well controlled HIV in the continuous antiretroviral therapy arms of the SMART and ESPRIT trials compared with the general population. AIDS. 2013;27(6):973979. 10.1097/qad.0b013e32835cae9c.
  8. Chimbetete C, Katzenstein D, Shamu T. et al., eds. HIV-1 drug resistance and third-line therapy outcomes in patients failing second-line therapy in Zimbabwe. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018; 5(2): ofy005.
  9. Dorcélus L, Bernard JC. Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in Haiti: A cross-sectional study. AIDS Res and Ther. 2021;18(1):19. 10.1186/s12981-021-00405-4.
  10. Semvua SK, Orrell C, Mmbaga BT, Semvua HH, Bartlett JA, Boulle AA. Predictors of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in northern Tanzania. PLOS One. 2017;12(12):e0189460. 10.1371/journal.pone.0189460.
  11. Abdulai MA, Mevissen FE, Ruiter RA, Owusu‐Agyei S, Asante KP, Bos AE. A qualitative analysis of factors influencing antiretroviral adherence among persons living with HIV in Ghana. J Commun & Appl Soc Psychol. 2022;32(1):135150. 10.1002/casp.2551.
  12. Kalichman SC, Katner MO. HIV-related stigma and non-adherence to antiretroviral medications among people living with HIV in a rural setting. Soc Sci & Med. 2020;258:113092. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113092.
  13. Sabaté E. Adherence to Long-Term Therapies: Evidence for Action. World Health Organization; 2003.
  14. Chesney MA. The elusive gold standard: Future perspectives for HIV adherence assessment and intervention. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43:S149S155.
  15. Sangeda RZ, Mosha F, Prosperi M, et al. Pharmacy refill adherence outperforms self-reported methods in predicting HIV therapy outcome in resource-limited settings. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):111.
  16. McMahon JH, Jordan MR, Kelley K, et al. Pharmacy adherence measures to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy: Review of the literature and implications for treatment monitoring. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(4):493506. 10.1093/cid/ciq167.
  17. McComsey GA, Lingohr-Smith M, Rogers R, Lin J, Donga P. Real-world adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 patients across the United States. Adv Ther. 2021;38(9):49614974. 10.1007/s12325-021-01883-8.
  18. Achappa B, Madi D, Bhaskaran U, Ramapuram JT, Rao S, Mahalingam S. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(3):220223. 10.4103/1947-2714.109196.
  19. Tiyou A, Belachew T, Alemseged F, Biadgilign S. Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited setting of Southwest Ethiopia. AIDS Res and Ther. October 10, 2010;7(1):39. 10.1186/1742-6405-7-39.
  20. Kabbash I, El G, Sharaf AY, Hassan NM, Al-Nawawy AN. Needs assessment and coping strategies of persons infected with HIV in Egypt. EMHJ. 2008;16:13081320. 10.26719/2010.16.5.481.
  21. Hintze J. NCSS 9. NCSS, LLC; 2013.
  22. National AIDS Program. National Guidelines On Clinical Care and Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection. The Ministry of Health and Population. 2020.
  23. Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518529. 10.1002/nur.10011.
  24. Reinius M, Wettergren L, Wiklander M, Svedhem V, Ekström AM, Eriksson LE. Development of a 12-item short version of the HIV stigma scale. Health Qual Life Out. 2017;15(1):19. 10.1186/s12955-017-0691-z.
  25. Magdy M, Zaki A, Osman SO, Abd El-Wahab EW, Abd Elhameed A. Stigma among people living with HIV in Northern Egypt. medRxiv. 2024:2024.08.27.24312679. doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.24312679
  26. Alvi Y, Khalique N, Ahmad A, Khan HS, Faizi N. World Health Organization dimensions of adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A study at Antiretroviral Therapy Centre, Aligarh. Indian J Community Med. April–June, 2019;44(2):118124. 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_164_18.
  27. Viswanathan S, Detels R, Mehta SH, Macatangay BJ, Kirk GD, Jacobson LP. Level of adherence and HIV RNA suppression in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIDS and Behav. 2015;19(4):601611. 10.1007/s10461-014-0927-4.
  28. Brown M, Sinsky C. Medication adherence: Improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. AMA STEPS Forward. 2018.
  29. Kim CJ, Combs K, Jonathan D, Tillman F. Medication adherence: The elephant in the room. US Pharm. 2018;43(1):3034.
  30. Hansen RA, Kim MM, Song L, Tu W, Wu J, Murray MD. Adherence: Comparison of methods to assess medication adherence and classify nonadherence. Ann Pharmacother. 2009;43(3):413422. 10.1345/aph.1l496.
  31. Costa JdM, Torres TS, Coelho LE, Luz PM. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(1):e25066. 10.1002/jia2.25066.
  32. Ortego C, Huedo-Medina TB, Llorca J, et al. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): A meta-analysis. AIDS and Behav. 2011;15:13811396. 10.1007/s10461-011-9942-x.
  33. Molla AA, Gelagay AA, Mekonnen T. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending care and treatment in University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):18. 10.1186/s12879-018-3176-8.
  34. Teshome W, Chinnakali P, Hinderaker SG. Who takes the medicine? Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2015:15311537. 10.2147/ppa.s90816.
  35. Angelo AT, Alemayehu DS. Adherence and its associated factors among adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in South Western Ethiopia, 2020. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:299.
  36. Sekoni AO, Balogun MR, Obidike OR. Stigma, medication adherence and coping mechanism among people living with HIV attending General Hospital, Lagos Island, Nigeria. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2012;4(1):110. 10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.417.
  37. Elgalib A, Al-Wahaibi A, Shah S, et al. Predictors of virologic failure among people living with HIV in Oman: A national study from the Middle East. Int J STD & AIDS. 2021;32(3):239245. 10.1177/0956462420956850.
  38. Haider MR, Brown MJ, Harrison S, et al. Sociodemographic factors affecting viral load suppression among people living with HIV in South Carolina. AIDS Care. 2021;33(3):290298. 10.1080/09540121.2019.1703892.
  39. Hicham T, Ilyas E, Tarik H, et al. Risk factors associated with unsuppressed viral load in HIV-1 infected patients at the first antiretroviral therapy in Morocco. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2019;8(2):113. 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_41_19.
  40. Nance RM, Delaney JC, Simoni JM, et al. HIV viral suppression trends over time among HIV-infected patients receiving care in the United States, 1997 to 2015: A cohort study. Ann Inter Med. 2018;169(6):376384. 10.7326/m17-2242.
  41. Aziz M, Smith KY. Challenges and successes in linking HIV-infected women to care in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2011:52(suppl_2):S231S237.
  42. Beattie CM, Wiewel EW, Zhong Y, et al. Multilevel factors associated with a lack of viral suppression among persons living with HIV in a federally funded housing program. AIDS and Behav. 2019;23(3):784791. 10.1007/s10461-019-02399-7.
  43. Glynn TR, Llabre MM, Lee JS, et al. Pathways to health: An examination of HIV-related stigma, life stressors, depression, and substance use. Int J Behav Med. 2019;26:286296. 10.1007/s12529-019-09786-3.
  44. Katz IT, Ryu AE, Onuegbu AG, et al. Impact of HIV‐related stigma on treatment adherence: Systematic review and meta‐synthesis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16:18640. 10.7448/ias.16.3.18640.
  45. Saracino A, Lorenzini P, Caputo SL, et al. Increased risk of virologic failure to the first antiretroviral regimen in HIV-infected migrants compared to natives: Data from the ICONA cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(3):10.
  46. Xia Q, Robbins RS, Lazar R, Torian LV, Braunstein SL. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in viral suppression among persons living with HIV in New York City. Ann Epidemiol. 2017;27(5):335341. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.04.005.
  47. Peña SS, Bravo MdMP, Tomás MÁC, Martínez PA, Guillén CP, Jiménez-Ruiz I. Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral treatment in women with HIV: A sequential mixed model research design. Enferm Glob. 2021;20(2):1834. 10.6018/eglobal.437711.
  48. Hudelson C, Cluver L. Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. AIDS Care. 2015;27(7):805816. 10.1080/09540121.2015.1011073.
  49. Effah ES. Factors Affecting Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Treatment at Selected Poly Clinics in Accra Metropolis. University of Ghana; 2018.
  50. Prah J, Hayfron-Benjamin A, Abdulai M, Lasim O, Nartey Y, Obiri-Yeboah D. Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. J HIV AIDS. 2018;4(1): 17.
  51. Saffoh SA, Yeetey E. Predictors of Self-Medication Practices among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in the Bolgatanga Municipality in the Upper East Region, Ghana. [Thesis] School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4491 | Journal eISSN: 2214-9996
Language: English
Submitted on: Jun 2, 2024
Accepted on: Aug 13, 2024
Published on: Sep 16, 2024
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2024 Mona Magdy, Adel Zaki, Sherif Omar Osman, Ekram W. Abd El-Wahab, Asmaa Abd Elhameed, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.