Figure 1
Life expectancy at birth—countries in Latin America.
Source for Demographic Data: World Bank Group 2024.
Table 1
Demographic factors of study participants.
| CHARACTERISTICS | NUMBER (N = 63) | PERCENTAGE |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 65–74 | 41 | 65.08% |
| 75 and above | 22 | 34.92% |
| Sex assigned at Birth | ||
| Male | 21 | 33.33% |
| Female | 42 | 66.67% |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 30 | 47.62% |
| Single/Separated/Widowed | 33 | 52.38% |
| Highest level of education* | ||
| Incomplete primary school | 24 | 38.71% |
| Complete primary dchool | 38 | 61.29% |
[i] *N = 62 for level of education.
Table 2
TL, EL, and SL of study participants.
| Mean participant scores | Value | ||
| TL | 3.37 | ||
| SL | 0.68 | ||
| EL | 2.69 | ||
| Scores by subcategory | Number | ||
| Not lonely (0–2) | 25 (39.68%) | ||
| Moderately lonely (3–8) | 35 (55.56%) | ||
| Severely lonely (9–10) | 3 (4.76%) | ||
| Extremely lonely (11) | 0 | ||
| Loneliness with demographic | TL | SL | EL |
| Factors | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| 65–74 | 3.146 | 0.634 | 2.512 |
| 75 and above | 3.682 | 0.727 | 2.955 |
| Sex assigned at birth | |||
| Male | 3.071 | 0.476 | 2.595 |
| Female | 3.857 | 1.048 | 2.810 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 2.967 | 0.500 | 2.467 |
| Not married | 3.667 | 0.818 | 2.848 |
| Highest Level of Education | |||
| Incomplete primary school | 4.417 | 1.000 | 3.417 |
| Complete primary school | 2.579 | 0.395 | 2.184 |
Figure 2
Loneliness with demographic factors.
(A‑D) TL, SL, and EL are displayed with relation to four different demographic characteristics: (A) age with 41 participants falling into the 65‑74 age range while 22 participants fell into the 75 and above age range; (B) sex assigned at birth with 21 participants assigned male at birth and 42 participants assigned female at birth; (C) marital status with 30 participants who are married and 33 participants who are not married (widowed, separated, single, etc.); and (D) level of education with 24 participants who did not complete primary education and 38 participants who have completed primary education. n = 63 for each graph except for (D) where n = 62. Bar graphs are displayed with SEM.