Figure 1
Location of Nuevo Leon in Mexico and its political boundaries.
Figure 2
Socioeconomic conditions of municipalities and informal settlements in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) in 2022.
Table 1
Themes, definitions, operationalization of implementation outcomes, and excerpt inclusion criteria for each outcome.
| IMPLEMENTATION OUTCOME/THEME | EQUIR DEFINITION | OPERATIONALIZATION | EXCERPT INCLUSION CRITERIA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adoption | The intention or utilization of key elements for implementation | The initial decision and main mechanisms to execute the intervention | The excerpts referring to the intention, initial decision or action to try to employ a new intervention |
| Fidelity | Adherence of disadvantaged populations to the original intervention | How the intervention evolved and changed as challenges were encountered | Excerpts referring to the degree to which the intervention was implemented as it was designed in an original protocol, plan, or policy. In this emergency case, no such plans or protocols existed at the outset. This criterion captures the decision‑making iterations that built the final response, highlighting the elements of improvisation and “learning as you go |
| Cost | Financial and non‑financial costs involved in the implementation of equity‑focused elements | Elements of the intervention requiring goods, and human or financial resources | Excerpts referencing any goods involved in the delivery of the strategy; personnel, as well as mentions to the purchase or donation of goods and inputs, e.g. any mention of human and financial resources, number of goods such as water tanks, bottles, and liters |
| Acceptability | Satisfaction of stakeholders with the implementation | Reactions to the government strategy | Excerpts referencing the perception of stakeholders (e.g. consumers, providers, managers, policy‑makers) |
| Coverage | Degree of reach, access, and coverage of the intervention among the disadvantaged population | Rationale to define the target population | Excerpts regarding the degree to which the population that was eligible to benefit from the strategy actually received it |
| Feasibility | Extent to which a program can be carried out in any setting, especially among disadvantaged populations | Contextual characteristics that resulted in variations in the implementation of the intervention | Excerpts mentioning the extent to which the strategy could be carried out in specific settings |
| Appropriateness | Relevance or perceived fit of the implementation in the disadvantaged population | Common barriers in the target population to using the intervention | Excerpts that mention the perceived fit or relevance of the intervention in a particular setting or for a particular target audience (e.g. provider or consumer) |
| Sustainability | Maintenance, continuation, or durability of the program through short, medium, and long‑term strategies | Actions that originated during the emergency and remain in place | Excerpts referring to the extent to which elements of the intervention were maintained or institutionalized in a given setting |
Figure 3
Timeline of the 2022 water crisis and ameliorative actions in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA).
Photo 1.
Families collecting water directly from a mobile tanker truck (pipa) in 2022.
Credit: Daniel Rosales
Photo 2.
Water being collected from the community cistern after it has been filled with the mobile tanker truck.
Credit: Daniel Rosales