Table 1
Freshwater shell matrix sites visited by Jeffries Wyman (sorted from north to south), with tabulations of the year of visit, frequency of daily visits per year, and known plan maps and stratigraphic drawings. The map ID corresponds with site locations in Figure 1.
| Map ID | Site No. | Site Name | 1867 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | Total | Plan Map | Strat. Profile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PU3 | Forrester’s Point | 1b | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2 | PU8 | Palatka Midden | 1b | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
| 3 | PU18 | Murphy Island Midden Ac | |||||||
| 4 | PU22 | Buffalo Bluff Middenc | 1b | ||||||
| 5 | PU27 | Horse Landing Midden | 2b | 3a,b | 5 | 1 | 4 | ||
| 6 | PU32 | Welaka Middenc | |||||||
| 7 | PU34 | Mount Hope Middenc | |||||||
| 8 | PU35 | Mount Royal Mound and Midden | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 9 | PU39 | Fort Gates Middenc | |||||||
| 10 | PU43 | Drayton Island Middenc | |||||||
| 11 | LA1 | Silver Spring Creek (Mouth of Silver Glen Run) | 2 | 1a | 3 | 1 | |||
| 12 | MR123 | Silver Spring Creek (Silver Glen Springs) | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 13 | VO3 | Ropes Island (Zinder Point) | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 14 | LA5 | Juniper Creek Midden | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 15 | VO12 | n/a | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 16 | LA17 | Astor Midden | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 17 | VO21 | Lungren Island | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 18 | LA21 | n/ac | |||||||
| 19 | VO22 | Orange Mound (Bluffton Midden) | 1 | 3b | 4 | 1 | |||
| 20 | LA137 | 1/2 Mile North of Bartrams Mound | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 21 | LA24 | Bartrams Mound / Little Orange | 2 b | 1a,b | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 22 | LA26 | Mound One Mile from Alexander Springs | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 23 | LA25 | Old Ford Mound | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 24 | LA45 | Spring Creek Mound | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 25 | LA29 | Old Town (St. Francis) | 4b | 6a | 9 | 3 | 22 | 1 | 1 |
| 26 | LA31 | Second Midden above St. Francis | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 27 | VO34 | Ziegler Mounds | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 28 | LA32 | Osceola (Crow’s Bluff) | 2b | 3b | 2 | 7 | 8 | ||
| 29 | LA33 | Pacataglio | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 30 | VO33 | Bryson’s Mound | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 31 | LA34 | Hawkinsville | 3b | 1 | 4 | 1 | |||
| 32 | VO37 | Midden A Lake Beresford | |||||||
| 33 | VO202 | Hontoon Island North | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| 34 | VO38 | Midden B Lake Beresford | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 35 | VO4 | n/a | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 36 | VO214 | Hontoon Dead Creek Mound | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
| 37 | VO215 | Middle Midden Hontoon Creekc | |||||||
| 38 | VO216 | Southern Midden Hontoon Creekc | |||||||
| 39 | VO41 | Live Oak | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||
| 40 | VO42 | Blue Springs Midden A | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||
| 41 | VO43 | Blue Springs Midden B | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |||
| 42 | VO44 | n/a | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 43 | VO48 | Fort Florida Midden | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| 44 | VO49 | Fort Florida Mound | 3b | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 45 | VO54 | Du Barry Creek Middenc | |||||||
| 46 | VO55 | Enterprise Midden | 8b | 8 | 1 | ||||
| 47 | VO57 | Doctor’s Island (Stone Island / Rock Island)c | |||||||
| 48 | VO53 | Lake Monroe Outlet Midden | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 49 | VO62 | Watson’s Landing | 6a,b | 6 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 50 | SE25 | Wekiva Shell Field Ac | |||||||
| 51 | SE26 | Wekiva Shell Field Bc | |||||||
| 52 | VO60 | Thornhill Lake Middenc | |||||||
| 53 | SE4 | Spears Landing Mound (Ginns Grove) | 2 | 2 | |||||
| 54 | SE6 | Ginns Grove Midden Bc | |||||||
| 55 | SE13 | King Phillips Town Mound (Cooks Ferry) | 5 | 5 | |||||
| 56 | SE9 | Black Hammock Midden | 3b | 3 | 1 | ||||
| 57 | BR6 | Snake Creek | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 58 | BR3 | Rattlesnake Hammock | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Total of unique sites, plans, or profiles | 20 | 18 | 21 | 11 | 58 | 5 | 22 | ||
[i] a Plan map produced at this site during this year.
[ii] b Stratigraphic profile produced at this site during this year.
[iii] c Site known to have been visited by Wyman, but specific dates unknown at this time.
Figure 1
Wyman’s excursions in a regional context: distribution of all known shell-bearing sites on the St. Johns River in northeast Florida as of the year 2014, archaeological sites visited by Jeffries Wyman in 1867 and 1871–1873, and select place names. Note: numbers on Wyman’s sites correspond to site names and information in Table 1.
Figure 2
Wyman’s journal entry for March 20, 1867. This entry includes an illustration and description of stratigraphy encountered in an excavation at the Old Town shell mound. Wyman described five strata, with depth in inches, as follows: ‘(1) Loam & shells & pottery, 6 in; (2) Paludinas without sand, & with pottery, 8 in; (3) Mussels decomposed, 6 in; (4) Paludinas & sand, 18 in; (5) Paludinas & water but no sand, 18 in.’ The lower portion of the journal page has writing that is also upside down (see text). Used with permission of the Harvard Medical Library in the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine.
Figure 3
Wyman’s journal entries for March 9 and 10, 1871. The sketch depicts Wyman’s excavation of a trench into the Fort Florida burial mound. The arcs and circles at the apex of the mound likely represent burials. Redrawn and transcribed for clarity.
Figure 4
Wyman’s journal entry for February 17, 1871. The sketch depicts a plan view of the Old Town shell mound, and describes his method of ‘general survey.’ Used with permission of the Harvard Medical Library in the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine.
Figure 5
Wyman’s journal entry for dates between March 24 and 30, 1872. The sketch depicts Wyman’s schematic model of different shell site deposits through time: (I) loose shells with pottery (recent); (2) consolidated shells without pottery (old); (3) consolidated shell without pottery beneath loose shells with pottery. Used with permission of the Harvard Medical Library in the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine.
Figure 6
Map of Wyman’s camps and the sites he visited, showing the total absolute frequency of visits per feature during 1867 and 1871–1873. Note: the total for site visits includes those places for which a precise date could not be determined. In these few instances, the count was treated as one visit.