Table 1
Patient and procedural characteristics.
| Variable | CR N = 70 | IR N = 165 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥61 years, n (%) | 41 (59) | 114 (69) | 0.160 |
| Men, n (%) | 49 (70) | 120 (73) | 0.790 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 43 (61) | 116 (70) | 0.239 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11 (16) | 42 (25) | 0.143 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 26 (37) | 57 (35) | 0.817 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 46 (66) | 104 (63) | 0.808 |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease*, n (%) | 11 (16) | 30 (18) | 0.789 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 6 (9) | 23 (14) | 0.354 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 4 (6) | 23 (14) | 0.077 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 5 (7) | 13 (8) | 1.000 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (4) | 0.183 |
| Coronary intervention | |||
| Culprit artery | |||
| Left descending coronary | 26 (37) | 57 (35) | 0.766 |
| Right coronary | 36 (51) | 81 (49) | 0.424 |
| Left circumflex coronary | 8 (11) | 27 (16) | 0.777 |
| Number of significant stenoses of non-culprit artery | 0.005 | ||
| 1 | 38 (54) | 56 (34) | |
| >1 | 32 (46) | 109 (66) | |
| CTO | 1 (1) | 29 (18) | <0.001 |
| After CABG | 4 (2) | 0.321 | |
| Number of PCI procedures† | |||
| 1 | 32 (46) | 130 (79) | <0.001 |
| >1 | 38 (54) | 35 (21) | <0.001 |
| Integrilin use | 13 (19) | 34 (21) | 0.859 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 5 (7) | 26 (16) | 0.092 |
| Transfusion due to coronary intervention complication | 4 (6) | 8 (5) | 0.754 |
| LVEF after PCI† | 0.871 | ||
| >55% | 20 (29) | 40 (24) | |
| 45 to ≤54% | 7 (10) | 21 (13) | |
| 30 to <45% | 7 (10) | 13 (8) | |
| <30% | 3 (4) | 10 (6) |
[i] * <55 years in men and <65 years in women; † During index hospitalization. CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CR: complete revascularization; CTO: chronic total occlusion; IR: incomplete revascularization; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; TIMI: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow.
Figure 1
All-cause death: (A) comparing CR and IR during the index hospitalization; (B) according to CR during index procedure or staged PCI. CR: complete revascularization; IR: incomplete revascularization.
Figure 2
Adjusted* Cox proportional hazard models, comparing CR and IR, for (A) all-cause death; and (B) cardiovascular death. CR: complete revascularization; IR: incomplete revascularization. *Adjusted for age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, previous myocardial infarction, previous percutaneous revascularization, cardiogenic shock, presence of chronic total occlusion, residual SYNTAX I score, and rehospitalization.
Table 2
Independent predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular death with CR versus IR (multivariable Cox model*).
| Predictor | All-cause death | Cardiovascular death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | HR (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| CR | –0.51 | 0.60 (0.31–1.18) | 0.139 | –0.23 | 0.80 (0.37–1.72) | 0.560 |
| Age | 0.07 | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | <0.001 | 0.08 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 0.54 | 1.72 (1.02–2.91) | 0.042 | 0.46 | 1.58 (0.83–3.03) | 0.166 |
| Creatinine value before index event (natural logarithm) | 0.79 | 2.19 (1.39–3.46) | 0.001 | 0.71 | 2.02 (1.13–3.64) | 0.018 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 0.09 | 1.09 (0.36–3.27) | 0.875 | 0.78 | 2.18 (0.66–7.20) | 0.200 |
| Previous PCI | –0.55 | 0.58 (0.15–2.15) | 0.411 | –1.19 | 0.30 (0.07–1.34) | 0.117 |
| Cardiogenic shock at presentation | 2.17 | 8.80 (3.55–21.82) | <0.001 | 2.12 | 8.36 (3.28–21.32) | <0.001 |
| CTO | 0.13 | 1.13 (0.57–2.25) | 0.721 | –0.15 | 0.86 (0.35–2.13) | 0.744 |
| Residual SYNTAX I score | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.595 | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.681 |
| Rehospitalization† | –0.56 | 0.57 (0.26–1.24) | 0.157 | –0.98 | 0.38 (0.13–1.10) | 0.074 |
[i] * Adjusted for age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, previous myocardial infarction or percutaneous revascularization, cardiogenic shock at presentation: the need for intra-aortic balloon pump ≤15 days after inclusion, CTO, residual SYNTAX I score, and rehospitalization; † To cardiology department due to residual myocardial ischemia or acute coronary syndrome. CI: confidence interval: CR, complete revascularization; HR: hazard ratio; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; IR, incomplete revascularization; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SYNTAX I: Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score I.
Figure 3
Cardiovascular death: (A) comparing CR and IR during the index hospitalization; (B) in CR group according to CR during index procedure or staged PCI. CR: complete revascularization; IR: incomplete revascularization.
| CABG | Coronary Artery Bypass Graft |
| CR | Complete Revascularization |
| CTO | Chronic Total Occlusion |
| IR | Incomplete Revascularization |
| LVEF | Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction |
| MVD | Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease |
| PCI | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
| STEMI | ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
| SYNTAX | Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery |
| TIMI | Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction |
| UMCL | University Medical Centre Ljubljana |