Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
| Patients treated with SAVR (n = 1873) | Patients treated with TAVR (n = 8184) | Patients treated with balloon valvuloplasty (n = 970) | P- value SAVR vs. TAVR | P-value SAVR vs. BV | P-Value TAVR vs. BV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years ± SD | 66.9 ± 10.8 | 81.3 ± 6.6 | 81.3 ± 7.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Women, % | 30.8 | 50.2 | 46.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.041 |
| In-hospital mortality, % | 3.5 | 5.1 | 20.7 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Reimbursement, mean ± SD | 23.127€ ± 16.888€ | 34.781€ ± 11.096€ | 31.378€ ± 22.350€ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock, % | 4.8 | 4.6 | 22.2 | 0.752 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE | 9.4 ± 7.5 | 24.4 ± 14.2 | 23.2 ± 13.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.013 |
| NYHA class II, % | 10.3 | 7.7 | 5.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.018 |
| NYHA class III or IV, % | 35.5 | 55.8 | 65.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 22.0 | 52.2 | 91.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 57.2 | 62.2 | 53.2 | <0.001 | 0.042 | <0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction <4 months, % | 0.6% | 1.9% | 1.3% | <0.001 | 0.058 | 0.191 |
| Previous myocardial infarction <1 year, % | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.629 |
| previous myocardial infarction >1 y, % | 2.5 | 5.5 | 4.2 | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.094 |
| Previous CABG, % | 2.0 | 11.2 | 5.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Previous cardiac surgery, % | 5.3 | 17.2 | 10.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Atherosclerosis, % | 4.6 | 12.1 | 13.8 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.129 |
| Carotid disease, % | 4.6 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 0.004 | 0.068 | 0.862 |
| COPD, % | 11.1 | 14.7 | 11.6 | <0.001 | 0.724 | 0.008 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, % | 13.6 | 25.8 | 23.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.115 |
| Severe renal insufficiency (GFR <15 ml/min), % | 1.8 | 3.4 | 4.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.106 |
| Renal insufficiency (GFR <30 ml/min), % | 1.8 | 6.3 | 7.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.065 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 41.0 | 50.7 | 47.3 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.048 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 24.6 | 33.8 | 36.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.078 |
[i] SAVR – surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR – transcatheter aortic valve replacement; BV – balloon valvuloplasty; NYHA – New York Heart Association; CABG – coronary artery bypass graft; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR – glomerular filtration rate; SD – standard deviation.
Figure 1
Procedures per year in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis acutely admitted: SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Figure 2
In-hospital mortality risk comparison of SAVR and TAVR versus balloon valvuloplasty OR, odds ratio (adjusted for all baseline patient characteristics according to Table 1); CI, confidence interval; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Figure 3
Reimbursement comparison of SAVR and TAVR versus balloon valvuloplasty OR, odds ratio (adjusted for all baseline patient characteristics according to Table 1); CI, confidence interval; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
| BV | balloon valvuloplasty |
| DESTATIS | Research Data Center of the Federal Bureau of Statistics |
| DRG | Diagnosis Related Groups |
| LoS | Lengths of stay |
| SAVR | surgical aortic valve replacement |
| SD | standard deviations |
| TAVR | transcatheter aortic valve replacement |