Table 1
Prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and validity of practical BP measurement approach in identifying high BP (≥140/90) compared to standard approach.
| Sample size | Prevalence of high BP in % (95% Confidence interval) | Practical approach compared to standard (Percentages [95% CI]) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Approach | Practical approach | Sensitivity | Specificity | False positivity | False negativity | ||
| All | 372,110 | 15.5 (15.2, 15.7) | 14.9 (14.7, 15.1) | 85.4 (84.9, 85.8) | 98.0 (97.9, 98.1) | 11.3 (10.9, 11.7) | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) |
| Men | 55,896 | 21.5 (20.9, 22.1) | 20.8 (20.3, 21.4) | 87.3 (86.3, 88.2) | 97.4 (97.1, 97.6) | 10.0 (9.2, 10.8) | 3.4 (3.2, 3.7) |
| Women | 316,214 | 14.4 (14.2, 14.6) | 13.8 (13.6, 14.0) | 84.9 (84.4, 85.4) | 98.1 (98.0, 98.2) | 11.6 (11.2, 12.1) | 2.5 (2.4, 2.6) |
| 30–44 years | 285,415 | 13.2 (13.0, 13.5) | 12.7 (12.5, 12.9) | 83.7 (83.1, 84.3) | 98.2 (98.1, 98.3) | 12.5 (12.0, 12.9) | 2.5 (2.4, 2.6) |
| 45–54 years | 86,695 | 22.6 (22.2, 23.1) | 22.0 (21.6, 22.5) | 88.6 (87.9, 89.2) | 97.4 (97.2, 97.6) | 9.1 (8.5, 9.8) | 3.3 (3.1, 3.5) |
Table 2
Crosstabulation of different grades of hypertension stratified by Practical and Standard blood pressure measurement approaches (N = 372,110).
| Practical approach | N | Standard Approach (percentage [95% CI]) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP < 140/90 | 140–159/90–99 | 160–179/100–109 | >180/110 | ||
| BP < 140/90 | 314,221 | 97.3 (97.2, 97.4) | 2.5 (2.5, 2.6) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) | 0 (0, 0) |
| 140–159/90–99 | 42,141 | 15.3 (14.8, 15.8) | 81.7 (81.2, 82.3) | 2.9 (2.7, 3.2) | 0 (0, 0.1) |
| 160–179/100–109 | 11,324 | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 20.1 (19.0, 21.3) | 76.3 (75.1, 77.5) | 3.4 (2.8, 4.0) |
| ≥180/110 | 4,424 | 0 (0, 0.1) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 15.9 (14.4, 17.5) | 83.4 (81.8, 85.0) |
Table 3
Comparison of prevalence and validity of other various blood pressure (BP) measurement approaches against the Standard approach.
| High BP prevalence | Sensitivity | Specificity | False positivity rate | False negativity rate | No. of BP per person* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentages [95% Confidence interval] | ||||||
| Standard | 15.5 (15.2, 15.7) | 3.0 | ||||
| Practical | 14.9 (14.7, 15.1) | 85.4 (84.9, 85.8) | 98.0 (97.9, 98.1) | 11.3 (10.9, 11.7) | 2.7 (2.6, 2.7) | 1.4 |
| AHA/JNC-8/NPCDCS | 19.2 (19.0, 19.5) | 93.4 (93.1, 93.7) | 94.3 (94.2, 94.4) | 25.1 (24.6, 25.6) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 2.0 |
| Johns Hopkins University | 18.1 (17.8, 18.3) | 94.1 (93.8, 94.4) | 95.9 (95.8, 96.0) | 19.5 (19.0, 20.0) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | 1.6 |
| NICE | 14.6 (14.3, 14.8) | 84.5 (84.0, 85.0) | 98.2 (98.1, 98.3) | 10.5 (10.1, 10.9) | 2.8 (2.7, 2.9) | 1.4 |
[i] * Average number of BP measurements per person per visit.