
Addressing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases; Need for Scalable and Sustainable Frameworks
By: Shanthi Mendis, Ian Graham and Jagat Narula
References
- World Health Organization.
Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2010 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. - World Health Organization.
World Health Statistics 2021 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. - World Health Organization.
Global Health Estimates 2019 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. - Noncommunicable Diseases Countdown 2030 collaborators. NCD Countdown 2030: pathways to achieving Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4. Lancet. 2020; 396(10255): 918–934. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31761-X
- World Health Organization.
Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. - Di Cesare M, Bennett JE, Best N, et al. The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2013; 42(3): 838–48. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt063
- Ezzati M, Obermeyer Z, Tzoulaki I, et al. The contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2015; 12(9): 508–30. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.82
- World Health Organization.
WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021; addressing new and emerging products . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. - World Health Organization.
Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. - Briasoulis A, Agarwal V, Messerli FH. Alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension in men and women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14(11): 792–8. DOI: 10.1111/jch.12008
- Lacovoni A, De Maria R, Gavazzi A. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2010; 11(12): 884–92. DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32833833a3
- Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57(4): 427–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.641
- World Health Organization.
Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. - Imamura F, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, et al. Dietary quality among men and women in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010: A systematic assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3: e132–e142. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70381-X
- Global Nutrition Report 2021.
The state of global nutrition . Bristol, United Kingdom: Development Initiatives. - World Health Organization. Global health expenditure database. Retrieved from
http://apps.who.int/nha/database . - Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network. Past, present, and future of global health financing: A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050. Lancet. 2019; 393(10187): 2233–2260.
- Xu K, Soucat A, Kutzin J, et al.
Public spending on health. A closer look at global trends . World Health Organization; 2018. - Schäferhoff M, Martinez S, Ogbuoji O, et al. Trends in global health financing. BMJ. 2019; 365: l2185. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2185
- World Health Organization. Health workforce. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-workforce#tab=tab_1 . - Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Anderson SG, et al. Total cardiovascular risk approach to improve efficiency of cardiovascular prevention in resource constrained settings. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011; 64(12): 1451–62. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.001
https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA72-REC1/A72_2019_REC1-en.pdf#page=68 .- World Health Organization.
Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013– 2020 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. - WHO CVD Risk Chart Working Group. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Oct; 7(10): e1332–e1345. Epub 2019 Sep 2. PMID: 31488387; PMCID: PMC7025029. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30318-3
- Sacco RL, Roth GA, Reddy KS, et al. The Heart of 25 by 25: Achieving the goal of reducing global and regional premature deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke: A modelling study from the American Heart Association and World Heart Federation. Circulation. 2016; 133(23): e674–90. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000395
- High burden, low budget: non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries.
https://www.healthdata.org/infographic/high-burden-low-budget-non-communicable-diseases-low-and-middle-income-countries . - Global Health Expenditure Database World Health Organization.
https://apps.who.int/nha/database/Select/Indicators/en . - World Health Organization.
Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: Report of the 2019 global survey. 2020 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. - World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2014 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. - World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018 . Geneva: World Health Organization.https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274512 . License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO - World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2022 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. - World Health Organization.
Noncommunicable diseases progress monitor 2022 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. - World Health Organization.
Mid-point evaluation of the implementation of the WHO global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020 (NCD-GAP) . World Health Organization; 2020. - World Health Organization.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on noncommunicable resources and services: results of a rapid assessment . World Health Organization; 2020. - Resolution WHA75.10. Follow-up to the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Draft implementation roadmap 2023–2030 for the implementation of the global action plan 2013–2030 for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. In:
Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly , Geneva,23–28 May 2022 .World Health Organization ; 2022. - Resolution WHA75.10 Follow-up to the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Acceleration plan to support member states in implementing the recommendation for prevention and management of obesity over the life course. In:
Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly , Geneva,23–28 May 2022 .World Health Organization ; 2022. - Resolution WHA75.10. Follow-up to the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Action plan to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority In:
Seventy-fifth World Health Assembly , Geneva,23–28 May 2022 .World Health Organization ; 2022. - Graham IM. The importance of total cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical practice. Eur J Gen Pract. 2006; 12(4): 148–55. PMID: 17127600. DOI: 10.1080/13814780600976282
- Mendis S. The role of cardiovascular risk assessment in addressing prevention of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular complications of diabetes in South Asia. Asian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2022; 1(1): 38–49. DOI: 10.4038/ajim.v1i1.30
- World Health Organization.
Implementation tools: Package of essential noncommunicable (PEN)disease interventions for primary health care in low-resource settings . World Health Organization; 2013. Retrieved fromhttps://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/133525 .
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1139 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
Language: English
Submitted on: Jun 21, 2022
Accepted on: Jul 12, 2022
Published on: Jul 29, 2022
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2022 Shanthi Mendis, Ian Graham, Jagat Narula, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.