Table 1
Demographic characteristics of patients from the RECOLFACA registry at baseline.
| AGE (YEARS) | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | 67.71 ± 13.64 | 68.84 ± 12.92 | 66.73 ± 14.53 | 57.25 ± 11.53 | 65.80 ± 14.01 | 67.70 ± 14.67 |
| Gender N (%) | ||||||
| Female | 875 (42.8) | 481 (42.5) | 122 (36.4) | 7 (43.8) | 199 (49.1) | 66 (42.0) |
| Male | 1,170 (57.2) | 651 (57.5) | 213 (63.6) | 9 (56.2) | 206 (50.9) | 91 (58.0) |
| Race N (%) | ||||||
| Mixed | 1,884 (92.1) | 1,075 (95.0) | 265 (79.1) | 16 (100.0) | 381 (94.1) | 147 (93.6) |
| White | 91 (4.4) | 51 (4.5) | 19 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (3.0) | 9 (5.7) |
| Black | 60 (2.9) | 3 (0.3) | 45 (13.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Indigenous | 9 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 6 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Asian | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Schooling N (%) | ||||||
| Basic primary school | 782 (38.2) | 448 (39.6) | 141 (42.1) | 6 (37.5) | 128 (31.6) | 59 (37.6) |
| High school | 558 (27.3) | 308 (27.2) | 105 (31.3) | 6 (37.5) | 110 (27.2) | 29 (18.5) |
| None | 385 (18.8) | 173 (15.3) | 31 (9.3) | 2 (12.5) | 118 (29.1) | 61 (38.9) |
| Technical/technological education | 150 (7.3) | 84 (7.4) | 37 (11.0) | 1 (6.2) | 26 (6.4) | 2 (1.3) |
| University/professional education | 147 (7.2) | 106 (9.4) | 15 (4.5) | 1 (6.2) | 19 (4.7) | 6 (3.8) |
| Postgraduate education | 23 (1.1) | 13 (1.1) | 6 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Type of health insurance N (%) | ||||||
| Contributory | 1,182 (57.8) | 713 (63.0) | 260 (77.6) | 8 (50.0) | 130 (32.1) | 71 (45.2) |
| Subsidized | 733 (35.8) | 316 (27.9) | 55 (16.4) | 7 (43.8) | 273 (67.4) | 82 (52.2) |
| Additional health insurance policy | 130 (6.4) | 103 (9.1) | 20 (6.0) | 1 (6.2) | 2 (0.5) | 4 (2.5) |
| Zone N (%) | ||||||
| Rural | 560 (27.4) | 308 (27.2) | 64 (19.1) | 6 (37.5) | 135 (33.3) | 47 (29.9) |
| Urban | 1,485 (72.6) | 824 (72.8) | 271 (80.9) | 10 (62.5) | 270 (66.7) | 110 (70.1) |
Figure 1
Demographic characteristics of patients from the RECOLFACA registry.
Figure 2
Etiology of heart failure.
Table 2
Hospital admission history.
| HOSPITAL ADMISSION HISTORY | BASELINE (LAST YEAR) N = 2,045 | 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP (LAST 6 MONTHS) N = 1,907* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | |
| Due to heart failure N (%) | 2,045 (100.0) | 1,132 (100.0) | 335 (100.0) | 16 (100.0) | 405 (100.0) | 157 (100.0) | 462 (24.2) | 231 (22.1) | 82 (25.9) | 3 (18.8) | 109 (28.3) | 37 (25.9) |
| Only due to HF N (%) | 1,643 (80.3) | 916 (80.9) | 284 (84.8) | 13 (81.2) | 338 (83.5) | 92 (58.6) | 381 (20.0) | 186 (17.8) | 69 (21.8) | 3 (18.8) | 88 (22.9) | 35 (24.5) |
| Due to HF and other N (%) | 402 (19.7) | 216 (19.1) | 51 (15.2) | 3 (18.8) | 67 (16.5) | 65 (41.4) | 81 (4.25) | 45 (4.3) | 13 (4.1) | 2 (1.4) | 21 (5.5) | 2 (1.4) |
| Missing data N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1,445 (75.8) | 815 (77.9) | 235 (74.1) | 106 (74.1) | 276 (71.7) | 13 (81.3) |
| NUMBER OF HF-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON |
| Mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 2.7 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.3 |
| Missing data N (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1,446 (75.8) | 816 (78) | 235 (74.1) | 13 (81.3) | 276 (71.7) | 106 (74.1) |
| LOS IN HOSPITALIZATION | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON |
| Mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 12.6 | 11.7 ± 11.1 | 11.7 ± 16.3 | 9.6 ± 7.1 | 10.3 ± 9.1 | 9.0 ± 18.3 | 10.7 ± 9.9 | 12.3 ± 10.9 | 9.5 ± 11.8 | 20.3 ± 12.4 | 9.5 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 9.4 |
| Missing data N (%) | 859 (42) | 496 (43.8) | 105 (31.3) | 7 (43.8) | 179 (44.2) | 72 (45.9) | 1,644 (86.2) | 929 (88.8) | 274 (86.4) | 13 (81.3) | 321 (83.4) | 107 (74.8) |
[i] HF: heart failure; LOS: length of stay.
* Percentages were calculated over the total population that remained alive at the 6-month follow-up.
Figure 3
Changes in functional class according to NYHA at baseline.
Table 3
Clinical outcomes for patients from the RECOLFACA registry.
| BASELINE (N = 2,045) | 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP (N = 1,907*) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | |
| NYHA classification; N (%) | ||||||||||||
| Class I | 245 (12.0) | 146 (12.9) | 53 (15.8) | 3 (18.8) | 41 (10.1) | 2 (1.3) | 386 (20.24) | 217 (20.75) | 95 (29.97) | 4 (25) | 43 (11.17) | 27 (18.88) |
| Class II | 1,092 (53.4) | 602 (53.2) | 175 (52.2) | 12 (75.0) | 230 (56.8) | 73 (46.5) | 941 (49.34) | 559 (53.44) | 105 (33.12) | 3 (18.75) | 210 (54.55) | 64 (44.76) |
| Class III | 609 (29.8) | 347 (30.7) | 84 (25.1) | 1 (6.2) | 124 (30.6) | 53 (33.8) | 262 (13.74) | 140 (13.38) | 47 (14.83) | 3 (18.75) | 53 (13.77) | 19 (13.29) |
| Class IV | 99 (4.8) | 37 (3.3) | 23 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (2.5) | 29 (18.5) | 42 (2.2) | 14 (1.34) | 8 (2.52) | 0 (0) | 8 (2.08) | 12 (8.39) |
| Missing data | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 276 (14.47) | 116 (11.09) | 62 (19.56) | 6 (37.5) | 71 (18.44) | 21 (14.69) |
| ACA/AHA Failure Stages; n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Stage C | 1,946 (95.2) | 1,092 (96.5) | 304 (90.7) | 16 (100.0) | 385 (95.1) | 149 (94.9) | 1,308 (68.59) | 817 (78.11) | 207 (65.3) | 4 (25) | 43 (11.17) | 27 (18.88) |
| Stage D | 99 (4.8) | 40 (3.5) | 31 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 20 (4.9) | 8 (5.1) | 97 (5.09) | 42 (4.02) | 26 (8.2) | 3 (18.75) | 210 (54.55) | 64 (44.76) |
| Missing data | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 226 (11.85) | 71 (6.79) | 22 (6.94) | 3 (18.75) | 53 (13.77) | 19 (13.29) |
| % LEVF | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 34.2 ± 13.5 | 34.4 ± 4.2 | 31.1 ± 12.5 | 31.9 ± 14.7 | 33.1 ± 10.9 | 42.4 ±12.7 | 36.7 ±13.8 | 37.5 ± 14.4 | 32.8 ± 13.0 | 41.0 ± 22.9 | 34.9 ± 11.1 | 43.7 ± 13.8 |
| Missing data; N (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1,144 (59.99) | 583 (55.74) | 202 (63.72) | 13 (81.25) | 244 (63.38) | 102 (71.33) |
| NT-pro BNP (pg/mL) | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 5,514.0 ± 8,360.7 | 5,711.9 ± 8,461.4 | 6,146.6 ± 8,631.1 | 3,141.7 ± 3,362.7 | 5,128.4 ± 8,299.6 | 2,702.5 ± 2,717.4 | 3,625.4 ± 6,638.4 | 4,017.2 ± 8,893.5 | 6,472.3 ± 8,121.5 | 2,969.5 ± 3,278.9 | 2,874.9 ± 3,905.3 | 487.3 ± 504.2 |
| Missing data; N (%) | 1,680 (82.2) | 963 (85.1) | 283 (84.5) | 13 (81.3) | 266 (65.7) | 155 (98.7) | 1,703 (89.3) | 972 (92.93) | 296 (93.38) | 14 (87.5) | 281 (72.99) | 140 (97.9) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | ||||||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 1,616.8 ± 2,232.7 | 1,593.3 ± 2,312.0 | 1,386.2 ± 1,222.7 | 1,097.5 ± 1,450.3 | 2,179.1 ± 1,745.5 | — | 1,493.7 ± 2,214.3 | 1,484.0 ± 2,258.5 | 8,88.7 ± 1,217.2 | 23.0 ± nan | 3,119.0 ± 2,340.4 | 560.9 ± nan |
| Missing data; N (%) | 1,907 (93.3) | 1,010 (89.2) | 330 (87.5) | 14 (87.5) | 396 (97.8) | 157 (100) | 1,832 (96.07) | 979 (93.59) | 314 (99.05) | 15 (93.75) | 382 (99.22) | 142 (99.3) |
[i] * Percentages were calculated over the total population that remained alive at the 6-month follow-up.
Table 4
Mortality at six-month follow-up of patients from the RECOLFACA registry.
| COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | ORINOCO | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality at 6-month follow-up; N (%) | 138 (6.7) | 86 (7.6) | 18 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (5.0) | 14 (8.8) |
| Cardiovascular deaths; N (%) | 103 (74.6) | 66 (76.7) | 15 (83.3) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (90.0) | 4 (28.6) |
| Non-cardiovascular deaths; N (%) | 35 (25.4) | 20 (23.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.0) | 10 (71.4) |
| Mean days of follow-up from start date to death (Mean ± SD) | 149.6 ± 128.3 | 142.7 ± 129.4 | 189.3 ± 164.3 | 0 (0.0) | 124.8 ± 76.8 | 186.3 ± 135.1 |
Table 5
Health-related quality of life score.
| BASELINE MEAN ± SD | 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP MEAN ± SD | MEAN CHANGE FROM BASELINE | MISSING DATA (BASELINE) N (%) | MISSING DATA (FOLLOW-UP) N (%) * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colombia | 78.7 ± 20.8 | 82.3 ± 20.1 | 10.0 ± 60.2 | 0 (0) | 279 (14.63) |
| Andean | 76.2 ± 21.7 | 83.6 ± 19.0 | 18.0 ± 73.3 | 0 (0) | 118 (11.28) |
| Pacific | 82.7 ± 19.6 | 82.2 ± 21.2 | 2.3 ± 37.8 | 0 (0) | 62 (19.56) |
| Orinoco | 84.4 ± 17.5 | 90.0 ± 15.6 | 4.8 ± 19.6 | 0 (0) | 6 (37.5) |
| Caribbean | 82.6 ± 18.7 | 84.0 ± 17.8 | 0.8 ± 26.6 | 0 (0) | 72 (18.7) |
| Amazon | 77.0 ± 19.9 | 68.1 ± 25.9 | –10.7 ± 38.6 | 0 (0) | 21 (14.69) |
[i] * Percentages were calculated over the total population that remained alive at the 6-month follow-up (N = 1,907).
Table 6
Medication patterns—RECOLFACA registry.
| MEDICATION CLASS | BASELINE | 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL N = 2,045 | HFREF N = 1,506 | LVEF >40% N = 539 | TOTAL N = 1,629* | HFREF N = 501*** | LVEF >40% N = 262*** | ||
| Beta-Blocker | |||||||
| Carvedilol; N (%) | 1,295 (63.0) | 1,019 (67.7) | 276 (51.2) | 1,065 (65.4) | 321 (64.1) | 151 (57.6) | |
| Metoprolol Succinate; N (%) | 311 (15.0) | 209 (13.9) | 102 (18.9) | 278 (17.1) | 95 (19) | 55 (21) | |
| Nebivolol; N (%) | 21 (1.0) | 13 (0.9) | 8 (1.5) | 19 (1.2) | 5 (1) | 3 (1.2) | |
| ARNI | |||||||
| Sacubitril/Valsartan; N (%) | 203 (10.0) | 187 (12.4) | 16 (3) | 281 (17.2) | 121 (24.2) | 30 (11.5) | |
| ACEi | |||||||
| Enalapril; N (%) | 677 (33.0) | 542 (36) | 135 (25.1) | 484 (29.7) | 165 (32.9) | 56 (21.4) | |
| Captopril; N (%) | 6 (0.0) | 6 (0.4) | – | 3 (0.2) | – | 1 (0.49) | |
| ARB | |||||||
| Losartan; N (%) | 745 (36.0) | 503 (33.4) | 242 (44.9) | 554 (34) | 138 (27.5) | 104 (39.7) | |
| Valsartan; N (%) | 63 (3.0) | 32 (2.1) | 31 (5.8) | 50 (3.1) | 13 (2.6) | 16 (6.1) | |
| Candesartan; N (%) | 46 (2.0) | 30 (2) | 16 (3) | 34 (2.1) | 7 (1.4) | 14 (5.3) | |
| Diuretics | |||||||
| Furosemide; N (%) | 1,315 (64.0) | 1,033 (68.6) | 282 (52.3) | 1,018 (62.5) ** | 341 (68.1) | 118 (45) | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide; N (%) | 74 (4.0) | 35 (2.3) | 39 (7.2) | 48 (2.9) ** | 6 (1.2) | 14 (5.3) | |
| Indapamide; N (%) | 5 (0.0) | – | 1 (25.0) | 4 (0.2) ** | – | 1 (0.4) | |
| MRAs | |||||||
| Spironolactone; N (%) | 1,091 (53.0) | 949 (63) | 142 (26.4) | 933 (57.3) | 336 (67.1) | 99 (37.8) | |
| Eplerenone; N (%) | 65 (3.0) | 52 (3.5) | 13 (2.4) | 70 (4.3) | 27 (5.4) | 15 (5.7) | |
| Other medication | |||||||
| Antiplatelet medication; N (%) | 958 (46.8) | 699 (46.4) | 259 (48.1) | 728 (44.7) | 269 (53.7) | 133 (64.6) | |
| Statins; N (%) | 1,128 (55.2) | 817 (54.3) | 311 (57.7) | 961 (59) | 319 (63.7) | 184 (89.3) | |
| Digoxin; N (%) | 204 (10.0) | 179 (11.9) | 25 (4.6) | 174 (10.7) | 62 (12.4) | 13 (5) | |
| Ivabradine; N (%) | 135 (7.0) | 122 (8.1) | 13 (2.4) | 121 (7.4) | 55 (11) | 20 (7.6) | |
| Nitrates; N (%) | 83 (4.1) | 60 (4.0) | 23 (4.3) | 51 (3.1) | 17 (3.4) | 8 (3.9) | |
[i] HFrEF: heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (≤40%).
* Patients with available data at follow-up;
** N = 1,628 at follow-up (Patients with available data for diuretic medication).
*** Patients with available ejection fraction at follow-up.
Table 7
Implantable device use at baseline—RECOLFACA registry.
| IMPLANTABLE DEVICE | COLOMBIA | ANDEAN | PACIFIC | CARIBBEAN | AMAZON | ORINOCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICD; N (%) | 181 (8.9) | 134 (11.8) | 24 (7.2) | 10 (2.5) | 12 (7.6) | 1 (6.2) |
| Dual chamber pacemaker; N (%) | 80 (3.9) | 54 (4.8) | 14 (4.2) | 8 (2.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
| Single chamber pacemaker; N (%) | 33 (1.6) | 20 (1.8) | 5 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) |
| CRT-D; N (%) | 101 (4.9) | 60 (5.3) | 24 (7.2) | 17 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| CRT-P; N (%) | 39 (1.9) | 24 (2.1) | 11 (3.3) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
[i] ICD: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT-D: cardiac resynchronization therapy, defibrillator; CRT-P: cardiac resynchronization therapy, pacemaker.