Measurement Tools and Utility of Hair Analysis for Screening Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication
References
- Adeloye D, Basquill C. Estimating the prevalence and awareness rates of hypertension in Africa: a systematic analysis. PLOS One. 2014; 9(8):
e104300 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104300 - World Health Organization.
Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014 . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. - Mungal-Singh V. Lifestyle changes for hypertension: SA Hypertension Society Supplement. South African Family Practice. 2012; 54(2): S12–S16. DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2012.10874203
- Kamran A, Ahari SS, Biria M, Malpour A, Heydari H. Determinants of patient’s adherence to hypertension medications: Application of health belief model among rural patients. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2014; 4(6): 922–927. DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.144914
- Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, Goff DC, Murphy TP, Toto RD, et al. Resistant hypertension: Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2008; 51(6): 1403–1419. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.189141
- Ambaw AD, Alemie GA, Mengesha ZB. Adherence to antihypertensive treatment and associated factors among patients on follow up at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12(1): 1–6. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-282
- Kably B, Billaud EM, Boutouyrie P, Azizi M. Is there any hope for monitoring adherence in an efficient and feasible way for resistant hypertension diagnosis and follow-up? Current Hypertension Reports. 2020; 22(11): 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01105-6
- van der Linden EL, Agyemang C, van den Born BJH. Hypertension control in sub-Saharan Africa: Clinical inertia is another elephant in the room. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich). 2020; 22(6): 959–961. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13874
- Muhamedhussein MS, Nagri ZI, Manji KP. Prevalence, risk factors, awareness, and treatment and control of hypertension in Mafia Island, Tanzania. International Journal of Hypertension. 2016; 2016: 1281384. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1281384
- Nielsen JØ, Shrestha A, Neupane D, Kallestrup P. Non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92443 subjects. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2017; 31(1): 14–21. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.31
- Burnier M, Wuerzner G.
Qualitative assessments of adherence . In: Burnier M (Ed.), Drug adherence in hypertension and cardiovascular protection. 2018; 11–19. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76593-8_2 - Gwadry-Sridhar FH, Manias E, Lal L, Salas M, Hughes DA, Ratzki-Leewing A, et al. Impact of interventions on medication adherence and blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: A systematic review by the ISPOR medication adherence and persistence special interest group. Value in Health. 2013; 16(5): 863–871. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1631
- Choudhry NK, Kronish IM, Vongpatanasin W, Ferdinand KC, Pavlik VN, Egan BM, et al. Medication adherence and blood pressure control: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2022; 79(1): e1–e14. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000203
- Chauke GD, Nakwafila O, Chibi B, Sartorius B, Mashamba-Thompson T. Factors influencing poor medication adherence amongst patients with chronic disease in low- and-middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review. Heliyon. 2022; 8(6):
e09716 . DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09716 - Martin LR, Williams SL, Haskard KB, DiMatteo MR. The challenge of patient adherence. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2005; 1(3): 189–199.
- Iuga AO, McGuire MJ. Adherence and health care costs. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2014; 7: 35. DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S19801
- Jankowska-Polańska B, Uchmanowicz B, Szymańska-Chabowska A. Assessment of adherence to medication for cardiovascular diseases: measurement tools. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 2019; 30(2): 113–119. DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2018-050
- Bernard L, Peytavin G. Indinavir concentrations in hair from patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet. 1998; 352(9142): 1757–1758. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79831-7
- Bernard L, Vuagnat A, Peytavin G, Hallouin M-C, Bouhour D, Nguyen TH, et al. Relationship between levels of indinavir in hair and virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2002; 137(8): 656–659. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00009
- Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Levine A, et al. Protease inhibitor levels in hair samples strongly predict virologic responses to HIV treatment. AIDS (London, England). 2009; 23(4): 471–478. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328325a4a9
- Kintz P. Evidence of 2 populations of mephedrone abusers by hair testing. Application to 4 forensic expertises. Current Neuropharmacology. 2017; 15(5): 658–662. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X14666161026152107
- Robbins CR.
Chemical composition of different hair types . In: Chemical and physical behavior of human hair. 2012; 105–176. Berlin; Springer-Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25611-0_2 - Gandhi M, Devi S, Bacchetti P, Chandy S, Heylen E, Phung N, et al. Measuring adherence to antiretroviral therapy via hair concentrations in India. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2019; 81(2): 202–206. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001993
- Taus F, Gottardo R, Ballotari M, Utzeri C, Tagliaro F. Hair analysis for beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a tool for monitoring adherence to antihypertensive therapy. Drug Testing Analysis. 2022; 14(10): 1773–1778. DOI: 10.1002/dta.3346
- Lam WY, Fresco P. Medication adherence measures: An overview. BioMed Research International. 2015; 217047. DOI: 10.1155/2015/217047
- Meddings J, Kerr EA, Heisler M, Hofer TP. Physician assessments of medication adherence and decisions to intensify medications for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure: Still no better than a coin toss. BMC Health Services Research. 2012; 12(1): 1–11. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-270
- Durand H, Casey M, Glynn LG, Hayes P, Murphy AW, Molloy GJ. A qualitative comparison of high and low adherers with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2020; 25(1): 64–77. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1619788
- Atinga RA, Yarney L, Gavu NM. Factors influencing long-term medication non-adherence among diabetes and hypertensive patients in Ghana: A qualitative investigation. PLOS One. 2018; 13(3):
e0193995 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193995 - Cremers AL, Alege A, Nelissen HE, Okwor TJ, Osibogun A, Gerrets R, et al. Patients’ and healthcare providers’ perceptions and practices regarding hypertension, pharmacy-based care, and mHealth in Lagos, Nigeria: A mixed methods study. Journal of Hypertension. 2019; 37(2): 389–397. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001877
- Najjuma JN, Brennaman L, Nabirye RC, Ssedyabane F, Maling S, Bajunirwe F, et al. Adherence to antihypertensive medication: An interview analysis of southwest Ugandan patients’ perspectives. Annals of Global Health. 2020; 86(1): 58. DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2904
- Adebolu FA, Naidoo M. Blood pressure control amongst patients living with hypertension presenting to an urban district hospital outpatient clinic in Kwazulu-Natal. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2014; 6(1): E1–6. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.572
- Vik SA, Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB. Measurement, correlates, and health outcomes of medication adherence among seniors. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2004; 38(2): 303–312. DOI: 10.1345/aph.1D252
- Zeller A, Taegtmeyer A, Martina B, Battegay E, Tschudi P. Physicians’ ability to predict patients’ adherence to antihypertensive medication in primary care. Hypertension Research. 2008; 31(9): 1765–1771. DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1765
- Burnier M, Wuerzner G, Struijker-Boudier H, Urquhart J. Measuring, analyzing, and managing drug adherence in resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2013; 62(2): 218–225. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.00687
- Fodor GJ, Kotrec M, Bacskai K, Dorner T, Lietava J, Sonkodi S, et al. Is interview a reliable method to verify the compliance with antihypertensive therapy? An international central-European study. Journal of Hypertension. 2005; 23(6): 1261–1266. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000170390.07321.ca
- Pérez-Escamilla B, Franco-Trigo L, Moullin JC, Martínez-Martínez F, García-Corpas JP. Identification of validated questionnaires to measure adherence to pharmacological antihypertensive treatments. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2015; 9: 569. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S76139
- Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Medical Care. 1986; 67–74. DOI: 10.1097/00005650-198601000-00007
- Kim MT, Hill MN, Bone LR, Levine DM. Development and testing of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing. 2000; 15(3): 90–96. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7117.2000.tb00211.x
- Schroeder K, Fahey T, Hay AD, Montgomery A, Peters TJ. Adherence to antihypertensive medication assessed by self-report was associated with electronic monitoring compliance. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2006; 59(6): 650–651. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.013
- Willey C, Redding C, Stafford J, Garfield F, Geletko S, Flanigan T, et al. Stages of change for adherence with medication regimens for chronic disease: Development and validation of a measure. Clinical Therapeutics. 2000; 22(7): 858–871. DOI: 10.1016/S0149-2918(00)80058-2
- Svarstad BL, Chewning BA, Sleath BL, Claesson C. The Brief Medication Questionnaire: A tool for screening patient adherence and barriers to adherence. Patient Education and Counseling. 1999; 37(2): 113–124. DOI: 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00107-4
- Culig J, Leppee M. From Morisky to Hill-Bone; self-reports scales for measuring adherence to medication. Collegium Antropologicum. 2014; 38(1): 55–62.
- Hamilton GA. Measuring adherence in a hypertension clinical trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2003; 2(3): 219–228. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-5151(03)00058-6
- Nashilongo M, Singu B, Kalemeera F, Mubita M, Naikaku E, Baker A, et al. Assessing adherence to antihypertensive therapy in primary health care in Namibia: Findings and implications. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 2017; 31(5): 565–578. DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6756-8
- Sarkodie E, Afriyie DK, Hutton-Nyameaye A, Amponsah SK. Adherence to drug therapy among hypertensive patients attending two district hospitals in Ghana. African Health Sciences. 2020; 20(3): 1355–1367. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.42
- Ayodapo A, Elegbede O, Omosanya O, Monsudi K. Patient education and medication adherence among hypertensives in a tertiary hospital, South Western Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2020; 30(2): 243–250. DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i2.12
- Okunrinboye HI, Otakpor AN, Ilesanmi OS. Depression and medication-adherence in patients with hypertension attending a tertiary health facility in South-West Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019; 33: 27. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.27.12941
- Mekonnen HS, Gebrie MH, Eyasu KH, Gelagay AA. Drug adherence for antihypertensive medications and its determinants among adult hypertensive patients attending in chronic clinics of referral hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2017; 18(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0134-9
- Mugwano I, Kaddumukasa M, Mugenyi L, Kayima J, Ddumba E, Sajatovic M, et al. Poor drug adherence and lack of awareness of hypertension among hypertensive stroke patients in Kampala, Uganda: A cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes. 2016; 9(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1830-4
- de Terline DM, Kramoh KE, Diop IB, Nhavoto C, Balde DM, Ferreira B, et al. Poor adherence to medication and salt restriction as a barrier to reaching blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: Cross-sectional study from 12 sub-Saharan countries. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020; 113(6–7): 433–442. DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.11.009
- Korb-Savoldelli V, Gillaizeau F, Pouchot J, Lenain E, Postel-Vinay N, Plouin PF, et al. Validation of a French version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in hypertensive adults. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2012; 14(7): 429–434. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00634.x
- Abegaz TM, Shehab A, Gebreyohannes EA, Bhagavathula AS, Elnour AA. Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2017; 96(4):
e5641 . DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005641 - Adeoye AM, Adebiyi AO, Adebayo OM, Owolabi MO. Medication adherence and 24-h blood pressure in apparently uncontrolled hypertensive Nigerian patients. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2019; 26(1): 18. DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_147_18
- Okunrinboye HI, Otakpor AN, Ilesanmi OS. Depression and medication-adherence in patients with hypertension attending a tertiary health facility in south-west Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019; 33: 27. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.27.12941
- Oluwole EO, Osibogun O, Adegoke O, Adejimi AA, Adewole AM, Osibogun A. Medication adherence and patient satisfaction among hypertensive patients attending outpatient clinic in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2019; 26(2): 129. DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_48_19
- Adisa R, Ilesanmi OA, Fakeye TO. Treatment adherence and blood pressure outcome among hypertensive out-patients in two tertiary hospitals in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2018; 18(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0934-x
- Olowe OA, Ross AJ. Knowledge, adherence and control among patients with hypertension attending a peri-urban primary health care clinic, KwaZulu-Natal. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2017; 9(1): e1–e7. DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1456
- Lambert EV, Steyn K, Stender S, Everage N, Fourie JM. Cross-cultural validation of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale in a South African, primary healthcare setting. Ethnicity and Disease. 2006; 16(1): 286.
- Koschack J, Marx G, Schnakenberg J, Kochen MM, Himmel W. Comparison of two self-rating instruments for medication adherence assessment in hypertension revealed insufficient psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2010; 63(3): 299–306. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.011
- Karademir M, Koseoglu IH, Vatansever K, Van Den Akker M. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale for use in primary health care settings. European Journal of General Practice. 2009; 15(4): 207–211. DOI: 10.3109/13814780903452150
- Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 353(5): 487–497. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra050100
- Pandey A, Raza F, Velasco A, Brinker S, Ayers C, Das SR, et al. Comparison of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale with therapeutic drug monitoring in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension. 2015; 9(6): 420–426.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.04.004
- Hamdidouche I, Jullien V, Boutouyrie P, Billaud E, Azizi M, Laurent S. Drug adherence in hypertension: From methodological issues to cardiovascular outcomes. Journal of Hypertension. 2017; 35(6): 1133–1144. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001299
- Tan X, Patel I, Chang J. Review of the four item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) and eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). INNOVATIONS in Pharmacy. 2014; 5(3): 5. DOI: 10.24926/iip.v5i3.347
- de Oliveira-Filho AD, Morisky DE, Neves SJ, Costa FA, de Lyra DP
Jr. , The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale: Validation of a Brazilian-Portuguese version in hypertensive adults. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy. 2014; 10(3): 554–561. DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.10.006 - Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward HJ. Predictive validity of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. Journal of Clinical Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008; 10(5): 348–354. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.07572.x
- Krousel-Wood M, Muntner P, Jannu A, Desalvo K, Re RN. Reliability of a medication adherence measure in an outpatient setting. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2005; 330(3): 128–133. DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200509000-00006
- Ben AJ, Neumann CR, Mengue SS. Teste de Morisky-Green e Brief Medication Questionnaire para avaliar adesão a medicamentos. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2012; 46: 279–289. DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89102012005000013
- Pan J, Hu B, Wu L, Wang H, Lei T, Liu Z. The translation, reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale in adults with hypertension. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2020; 14: 1853. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S268031
- Lambert EV, Steyn K, Stender S, Everage N, Fourie JM, Hill M. Cross-cultural validation of the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale in a South African, primary healthcare setting. Ethnicity & Disease. 2006; 16(1): 286–291.
- Zeller A, Schroeder K, Peters TJ. An adherence self-report questionnaire facilitated the differentiation between nonadherence and nonresponse to antihypertensive treatment. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2008; 61(3): 282–288. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.007
- Gozum S, Hacihasanoglu R. Reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of medication adherence self-efficacy scale in hypertensive patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2009; 8(2): 129–136. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2008.10.006
- Porter AK, Taylor SR, Yabut AH, Al-Achi A. Impact of a pill box clinic to improve systolic blood pressure in veterans with uncontrolled hypertension taking 3 or more antihypertensive medications. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 2014; 20(9): 905–911. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.9.905
- Lee JY, Greene PG, Douglas M, Grim C, Kirk KA, Kusek JW, et al. Appointment attendance, pill counts, and achievement of goal blood pressure in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Pilot Study. Controlled Clinical Trials. 1996; 17(4 Suppl): 34s–39s. DOI: 10.1016/S0197-2456(97)82680-3
- García Navarro M, Orozco Beltrán D, Gil Guillén V, Carratalá Munuera C, Terol Moltó C, Merino Sánchez J. Relationship between drug compliance and degree of control in patients with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia. Medicina clínica (Barc). 2001; 116(Suppl 2): 141–146.
- Tedla YG, Bautista LE. Drug side effect symptoms and adherence to antihypertensive medication. American Journal of Hypertension. 2016; 29(6): 772–779. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv185
- Adeyemo A, Tayo BO, Luke A, Ogedegbe O, Durazo-Arvizu R, Cooper RS. The Nigerian anti-hypertensive adherence trial (NA-HAT): A community-based randomized trial. Journal of Hypertension. 2013; 31(1): 201. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835b0842
- Elzubier AG, Husain AA, Suleiman IA, Hamid ZA. Drug compliance among hypertensive patients in Kassala, eastern Sudan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit. 2000; 6(1): 100–105. DOI: 10.26719/2000.6.1.100
- Maro EE, Lwakatare J. Medication compliance among Tanzanian hypertensives. East African Medical Journal. 1997; 74(9): 539–542.
- Perseguer-Torregrosa Z, Orozco-Beltrán D, Gil-Guillen VF, Pita-Fernandez S, Carratalá-Munuera C, Pallares-Carratalá V, et al. Magnitude of pharmacological nonadherence in hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication from a community pharmacy in Spain. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 2014; 20(12): 1217–1225. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.12.1217
- van Onzenoort HA, Verberk WJ, Kessels AG, Kroon AA, Neef C, van der Kuy PH, et al. Assessing medication adherence simultaneously by electronic monitoring and pill count in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension. 2010; 23(2): 149–154. DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.207
- Vrijens B, Urquhart J. Methods for measuring, enhancing, and accounting for medication adherence in clinical trials. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2014; 95(6): 617–626. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.59
- Damasceno A, Azevedo A, Silva-Matos C, Prista A, Diogo D, Lunet N. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Mozambique: Urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition. Hypertension. 2009; 54(1): 77–83. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132423
- Burnier M, Schneider MP, Chioléro A, Stubi CL, Brunner HR. Electronic compliance monitoring in resistant hypertension: The basis for rational therapeutic decisions. Journal of Hypertension. 2001; 19(2): 335–341. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200102000-00022
- Richter LH, Jacobs CM, Mahfoud F, Kindermann I, Böhm M, Meyer MR. Development and application of a LC-HRMS/MS method for analyzing antihypertensive drugs in oral fluid for monitoring drug adherence. Analytica chimica acta. 2019; 1070: 69–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.026
- Volpp KG, Troxel AB, Mehta SJ, Norton L, Zhu J, Lim R, et al. Effect of electronic reminders, financial incentives, and social support on outcomes after myocardial infarction: The HeartStrong randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2017; 177(8): 1093–1101. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2449
- Wetzels GE, Nelemans PJ, Schouten JS, Dirksen CD, van der Weijden T, Stoffers HE, et al. Electronic monitoring of adherence as a tool to improve blood pressure control. A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Hypertension. 2007; 20(2): 119–125. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.07.018
- Leenen FH, Wilson TW, Bolli P, Larochelle P, Myers M, Handa SP, et al. Patterns of compliance with once versus twice daily antihypertensive drug therapy in primary care: A randomized clinical trial using electronic monitoring. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 1997; 13(10): 914–920.
- Polonia J, Salgueiro A, Silva J, Barbosa L. Importance of the directly observed treatment intake on the approach of patients with resistant hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36:
E65 . DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000539142.48753.af - Ruzicka M, Leenen FH, Ramsay T, Bugeja A, Edwards C, McCormick B, et al. Use of directly observed therapy to assess treatment adherence in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2019; 179(10): 1433–1434. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1455
- Eskås PA, Heimark S, Eek Mariampillai J, Larstorp AC, Fadl Elmula FE, Høieggen A. Adherence to medication and drug monitoring in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. Blood Press. 2016; 25(4): 199–205. DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1121706
- Pio-Abreu A, Trani-Ferreira F, Silva GV, Bortolotto LA, Drager LF. Directly observed therapy for resistant/refractory hypertension diagnosis and blood pressure control. Heart. 2022; 108(24): 1952–1956. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-320802
- Hameed M, Tebbit L, Jacques N, Thomas M, Dasgupta I. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication is very common among resistant hypertensives: Results of a directly observed therapy clinic. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2016; 30(2): 83–89. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.38
- Ceral J, Habrdova V, Vorisek V, Bima M, Pelouch R, Solar M. Difficult-to-control arterial hypertension or uncooperative patients? The assessment of serum antihypertensive drug levels to differentiate non-responsiveness from non-adherence to recommended therapy. Hypertension Research. 2011; 34(1): 87–90. DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.183
- Štrauch B, Petrák O, Zelinka T, Rosa J, Šomlóová Z, Indra T, et al. Precise assessment of noncompliance with the antihypertensive therapy in patients with resistant hypertension using toxicological serum analysis. Journal of Hypertension. 2013; 31(12): 2455–2461. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283652c61
- Florczak E, Tokarczyk B, Warchoł-Celińska E, Szwench-Pietrasz E, Prejbisz A, Gosk M, et al. Assessment of adherence to treatment in patients with resistant hypertension using toxicological serum analysis. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej. 2015; 125(1–2): 65–72. DOI: 10.20452/pamw.2648
- Tanna S, Ogwu J, Lawson G. Hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques for assessing medication adherence: advantages, challenges, clinical applications and future perspectives. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2020; 58(5): 643–663. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0820
- Mallion JM, Dutrey-Dupagne C, Vaur L, Genes N, Renault M, Elkik F, et al. Benefits of electronic pillboxes in evaluating treatment compliance of patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 1996; 14(1): 137–144. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199601000-00018
- Mehta SJ, Volpp KG, Troxel AB, Day SC, Lim R, Marcus N, et al. Electronic pill bottles or bidirectional text messaging to improve hypertension medication adherence (Way 2 Text): A randomized clinical trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2019; 34(11): 2397–2404. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05241-x
- Jung O, Gechter JL, Wunder C, Paulke A, Bartel C, Geiger H, et al. Resistant hypertension? Assessment of adherence by toxicological urine analysis. Journal of Hypertension. 2013; 31(4): 766–774. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835e2286
- Gupta P, Patel P, Štrauch B, Lai FY, Akbarov A, Gulsin GS, et al. Biochemical screening for nonadherence is associated with blood pressure reduction and improvement in adherence. Hypertension. 2017; 70(5): 1042–1048. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09631
- Farmer KC. Methods for measuring and monitoring medication regimen adherence in clinical trials and clinical practice. Clinical Therapeutics. 1999; 21(6): 1074–1090. DOI: 10.1016/S0149-2918(99)80026-5
- Van Onzenoort HA, Verberk WJ, Kessels AG, Kroon AA, Neef C, van der Kuy P-HM, et al. Assessing medication adherence simultaneously by electronic monitoring and pill count in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension. 2010; 23(2): 149–154. DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.207
- Rudd P, Byyny RL, Zachary V, LoVerde ME, Mitchell WD, Titus C, et al. Pill count measures of compliance in a drug trial: Variability and suitability. American Journal of Hypertension. 1988; 1(3, Pt 1): 309–312. DOI: 10.1093/ajh/1.3.309
- Cramer JA, Mattson RH, Prevey ML, Scheyer RD, Ouellette VL. How often is medication taken as prescribed? A novel assessment technique. JAMA. 1989; 261(22): 3273–3277. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1989.03420220087032
- Pullar T, Kumar S, Tindall H, Feely M. Time to stop counting the tablets? Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1989; 46(2): 163–168. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1989.121
- Nieuwlaat R, Wilczynski N, Navarro T, Hobson N, Jeffery R, Keepanasseril A, et al. Interventions for enhancing medication adherence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014(11): CD000011. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000011.pub4
- Demonceau J, Ruppar T, Kristanto P, Hughes DA, Fargher E, Kardas P, et al. Identification and assessment of adherence-enhancing interventions in studies assessing medication adherence through electronically compiled drug dosing histories: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Drugs. 2013; 73(6): 545–562. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0041-3
- Bramley TJ, Nightengale BS, Frech-Tamas F, Gerbino PP. Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 managed care organizations. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. 2006; 12(3): 239–245. DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2006.12.3.239
- Mallion J-M, Baguet J-P, Siche J-P, Tremel F, De Gaudemaris R. Compliance, electronic monitoring and antihypertensive drugs. Journal of Hypertension Supplement: Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension. 1998; 16(1): S75–79.
- Bovet P, Burnier M, Madeleine G, Waeber B, Paccaud F. Monitoring one-year compliance to antihypertension medication in the Seychelles. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2002; 80(1): 33–39.
- Ayoade A, Oladipo I. Evaluation of the correlation between self-report and electronic monitoring of adherence to hypertension therapy. Blood Pressure. 2012; 21(3): 161–166. DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2012.679029
- Kardas P, Lewek P, Matyjaszczyk M. Determinants of patient adherence: A review of systematic reviews. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2013; 4: 91. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00091
- Alipanah N, Jarlsberg L, Miller C, Linh NN, Falzon D, Jaramillo E, et al. Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies. PLOS medicine. 2018; 15(7):
e1002595 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002595 - Basu S, Garg S, Sharma N, Singh MM. Improving the assessment of medication adherence: Challenges and considerations with a focus on low-resource settings. Tzu-Chi Medical Journal. 2019; 31(2): 73. DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_177_18
- Lawson G, Fish R. Directly observed administration of antihypertensive medication prior to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring—A useful tool for investigating “resistant hypertension.” Journal of Hypertension. 2021; 39:
e358 . DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000748684.71720.64 - Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020; 75(6): 1334–1357. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026
- Lane D, Lawson A, Burns A, Azizi M, Burnier M, Jones DJ, et al. Nonadherence in hypertension: How to develop and implement chemical adherence testing. Hypertension. 2022; 79(1): 12–23. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17596
- de Jager RL, van Maarseveen EM, Bots ML, Blankestijn PJ. Medication adherence in patients with apparent resistant hypertension: Fndings from the SYMPATHY trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2018; 84(1): 18–24. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13402
- Avataneo V, De Nicolò A, Rabbia F, Perlo E, Burrello J, Berra E, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring–guided definition of adherence profiles in resistant hypertension and identification of predictors of poor adherence. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2018; 84(11): 2535–2543. DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13706
- Peeters LE, Feyz L, Boersma E, Daemen J, van Gelder T, Koch BC, et al. Clinical applicability of monitoring antihypertensive drug levels in blood. Hypertension. 2020; 76(1): 80–86. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15038
- Pucci M, Martin U. Detecting non-adherence by urine analysis in patients with uncontrolled hypertension: Rates, reasons and reactions. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2017; 31(4): 253–257. DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.69
- Maurer HH. Perspectives of liquid chromatography coupled to low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry for screening, identification, and quantification of drugs in clinical and forensic toxicology. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 2010; 32(3): 324–327. DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181dca295
- Ojanperä I, Kolmonen M, Pelander A. Current use of high-resolution mass spectrometry in drug screening relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology and doping control. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2012; 403(5): 1203–1220. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5726-z
- Kristoffersen L, Øiestad EL, Opdal MS, Krogh M, Lundanes E, Christophersen AS. Simultaneous determination of 6 beta-blockers, 3 calcium-channel antagonists, 4 angiotensin-II antagonists and 1 antiarrhytmic drug in post-mortem whole blood by automated solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry: Method development and robustness testing by experimental design. Journal of Chromatography B. 2007; 850(1–2): 147–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.030
- Maurer HH, Tenberken O, Kratzsch C, Weber AA, Peters FT. Screening for library-assisted identification and fully validated quantification of 22 beta-blockers in blood plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004; 1058(1–2): 169–181. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(04)01308-1
- Azizi M, Ménard J, Peyrard S, Lièvre M, Marre M, Chatellier G. Assessment of patients’ and physicians’ compliance to an ACE inhibitor treatment based on urinary N-acetyl Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro determination in the Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes, Hypertension, Microalbuminuria, Proteinuria, Cardiovascular Events, and Ramipril (DIABHYCAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(6): 1331–1336. DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0255
- Ritscher S, Hoyer M, Georges C, Wunder C, Wallemacq P, Persu A, et al. Benefit of serum drug monitoring complementing urine analysis to assess adherence to antihypertensive drugs in first-line therapy. PLOS One. 2020; 15(8):
e0237383 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237383 - Helfer AG, Michely JA, Weber AA, Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Orbitrap technology for comprehensive metabolite-based liquid chromatographic–high resolution-tandem mass spectrometric urine drug screening—Exemplified for cardiovascular drugs. Analytica chimica acta. 2015; 891: 221–233. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.018
- De Nicolò A, Avataneo V, Rabbia F, Sciandra M, Tosello F, Cusato J, et al. UHPLC-MS/MS method with sample dilution to test therapeutic adherence through quantification of ten antihypertensive drugs in urine samples. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2017; 142: 279–285. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.018
- Avataneo V, Fanelli E, De Nicolò A, Rabbia F, Palermiti A, Pappaccogli M, et al. A non-invasive method for detection of antihypertensive drugs in biological fluids: The salivary therapeutic drug monitoring. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022; 12: 3244. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755184
- Lawson G, Cocks E, Tanna S. Bisoprolol, ramipril and simvastatin determination in dried blood spot samples using LC-HRMS for assessing medication adherence. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2013; 81: 99–107. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.002
- Tanna S, Bernieh D, Lawson G. LC-HRMS analysis of dried blood spot samples for assessing adherence to cardiovascular medications. Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine. 2015; 7(1): 1–5. DOI: 10.4172/1948-593X.1000115
- Wilhelm AJ, den Burger JC, Swart EL. Therapeutic drug monitoring by dried blood spot: Progress to date and future directions. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2014; 53(11): 961–973. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0177-7
- Edelbroek PM, van der Heijden J, Stolk LM. Dried blood spot methods in therapeutic drug monitoring: Methods, assays, and pitfalls. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 2009; 31(3): 327–336. DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31819e91ce
- Sharma A, Jaiswal S, Shukla M, Lal J. Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis. Drug testing and Analysis. 2014; 6(5): 399–414. DOI: 10.1002/dta.1646
- Tanna S, Lawson G, Thomas B.
Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in the assessment of medication adherence . In: Analytical chemistry for assessing medication adherence. 2016; 23–49. Amsterdam: Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-805463-5.00002-X - Adewuya OA, Ajayi EA, Adetiloye AO, Atiba AS, Dada SA, Areo OO. Serum uric acid predicts antihypertensive medication adherence in Nigeria: A hospital based study. West African Journal of Medicine. 2020; 37(3): 225–230.
- Jones E, Lesosky M, Blockman M, Castel S, Decloedt E, Schwager S, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of amlodipine and the Z-FHL/HHL ratio: Adherence tools in patients referred for apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. South African Medical Journal. 2017; 107(10): 887–891. DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i10.12268
- Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Huang Y, Gange S, Anastos K, et al (Eds.). Concentrations of efavirenz in hair are strongly correlated with virologic response. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI); 2009.
- DeLauder SF, Kidwell DA. The incorporation of dyes into hair as a model for drug binding. Forensic Science International. 2000; 107(1–3): 93–104. DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00153-X
- Koren G, Klein J, Forman R, Graham K. Hair analysis of cocaine: Differentiation between systemic exposure and external contamination. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1992; 32(7): 671–675. DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb05780.x
- Metcalfe J, Bacchetti P, Gerona R, Esmail A, Dheda K, Gandhi M. Association of anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations in hair and treatment outcomes in MDR-and XDR-TB. ERJ Open Research. 2019; 5(2). DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00046-2019
- Gerona R, Wen A, Aguilar D, Shum J, Reckers A, Bacchetti P, et al. Simultaneous analysis of 11 medications for drug resistant TB in small hair samples to quantify adherence and exposure using a validated LC-MS/MS panel. Journal of chromatography B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 2019; 1125: 121729. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121729
- Reckers A, Wen A, Aguilar D, Bacchetti P, Gandhi M, Metcalfe J, et al. Validated LC-MS/MS panel for quantifying 11 drug-resistant TB medications in small hair samples. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). 2020; 159:
e60861 . DOI: 10.3791/60861-v - Kintz P, Cirimele V, Sachs H, Jeanneau T, Ludes B. Testing for anabolic steroids in hair from two bodybuilders. Forensic Science International. 1999; 101(3): 209–216. DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00024-9
- Ferrari A, Licata M, Rustichelli C, Baraldi C, Vandelli D, Marchesi F, et al. Monitoring of adherence to headache treatments by means of hair analysis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2017; 73(2): 197–203. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2163-5
- Zhang Q, Qiao S, Yang X, Li X. Antiretroviral concentration in hair as a measure for antiretroviral medication adherence: A systematic review of global literature. AIDS and Behavior. 2020; 24(1): 311–330. DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02460-5
- Gandhi M, Ameli N, Bacchetti P, Anastos K, Gange SJ, Minkoff H, et al. Atazanavir concentration in hair is the strongest predictor of outcomes on antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011; 52(10): 1267–1275. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir131
- Gandhi M, Mwesigwa J, Aweeka F, Plenty A, Charlebois E, Ruel TD, et al. Hair and plasma data show that lopinavir, ritonavir and efavirenz all transfer from mother to infant in utero, but only efavirenz transfers via breastfeeding. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2013; 63(5): 578. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829c48ad
- Van Zyl GU, Van Mens TE, McIlleron H, Zeier M, Nachega JB, Decloedt E, et al. Low lopinavir plasma or hair concentrations explain second line protease inhibitor failures in a resource-limited setting. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999). 2011; 56(4): 333. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820dc0cc
- Huang Y, Gandhi M, Greenblatt RM, Gee W, Lin ET, Messenkoff N. Sensitive analysis of anti-HIV drugs, efavirenz, lopinavir and ritonavir, in human hair by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: An International Journal Devoted to the Rapid Dissemination of Up-to-the-Minute Research in Mass Spectrometry. 2008; 22(21): 3401–3409. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3750
- Suchonwanit P, Thammarucha S, Leerunyakul K. Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: A review. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2019; 13: 2777. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S214907
- Ichida M, Fujita C, Sumie R, Miyano R, Inoue H. Simultaneous determination of minoxidil and minoxidil sulfate by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection and its applications. Medicine in Drug Discovery. 2020; 7: 100050. DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100050
- Bautista LE, Stein JH, Morgan BJ, Stanton N, Young T, Nieto FJ. Association of blood and hair mercury with blood pressure and vascular reactivity. WMJ: Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. 2009; 108(5): 250.
- Marcinek K, Suliburska J, Krejpcio Z, Bogdanski P. Evaluation of mineral status in hypertensive patients undergoing pharmacotherapy. Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 2015; 66(1).
- Gheddar L, Raul JS, Kintz P. First identification of a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, in hair: Application to a doping case and interpretation of the results. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2019; 11(1): 157–161. DOI: 10.1002/dta.2445
- Kintz P, Dumestre-Toulet V, Jamey C, Cirimele V, Ludes B. Doping control for beta-adrenergic compounds through hair analysis. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2000; 45(1): 170–174. DOI: 10.1520/JFS14654J
- Lo Faro AF, Tini A, Gottardi M, Pirani F, Sirignano A, Giorgetti R, et al. Development and validation of a fast ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for determining carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their metabolites in urine and hair. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2021; 13(8): 1552–1560. DOI: 10.1002/dta.3055
- Wille SM, Peters FT, Di Fazio V, Samyn N. Practical aspects concerning validation and quality control for forensic and clinical bioanalytical quantitative methods. Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 2011; 16(6): 279–292. DOI: 10.1007/s00769-011-0775-0
- Macquart de Terline D, Kane A, Kramoh KE, Ali Toure I, Mipinda JB, Diop IB, et al. Factors associated with poor adherence to medication among hypertensive patients in twelve low and middle income Sub-Saharan countries. PLOS One. 2019; 14(7):
e0219266 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219266 - Hickey MD, Salmen CR, Tessler RA, Omollo D, Bacchetti P, Magerenge R, et al. Antiretroviral concentrations in small hair samples as a feasible marker of adherence in rural Kenya. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2014; 66(3): 311–315. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000154
- Gandhi M, Yang Q, Bacchetti P, Huang Y. Short communication: A low-cost method for analyzing nevirapine levels in hair as a marker of adherence in resource-limited settings. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 2014; 30(1): 25–28. DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0239
- Kohli-Lynch CN, Lewsey J, Boyd KA, French DD, Jordan N, Moran AE, Sattar N, Preiss D, Briggs AH. Beyond 10-Year Risk: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Statins for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2022; 145(17): 1312–1323. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057631
- van Schoonhoven AV, Van Asselt AD, Tomaszewski M, Patel P, Khunti K, Gupta P, et al. Cost-utility of an objective biochemical measure to improve adherence to antihypertensive treatment. Hypertension. 2018; 72(5): 1117–1124. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11227
- Musiał J, Powierska-Czarny J, Czarny J, Raczkowski M, Galant N, Buszewski B, et al. One-step extraction and determination of 513 psychoactive substances, drugs, and their metabolites from hair by LC-MS/MS. Archives of Toxicology. 2022; 96(11): 2927–2933. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03343-w
- Usman M, Naseer A, Baig Y, Jamshaid T, Shahwar M, Khurshuid S. Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: A review. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019; 9(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.1186/s41935-019-0119-5
- Wu Y, Yang J, Duan C, Chu L, Chen S, Qiao S, et al. Simultaneous determination of antiretroviral drugs in human hair with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B. 2018; 1083: 209–221. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.021
- Hassall D, Brealey N, Wright W, Hughes S, West A, Ravindranath R, et al. Hair analysis to monitor adherence to prescribed chronic inhaler drug therapy in patients with asthma or COPD. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2018; 51: 59–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.07.001
- Yu H, Jang WJ, Jang JH, Park B, Seo YH, Jeong CH, et al. Role of hair pigmentation in drug incorporation into hair. Forensic Science International. 2017; 281: 171–175. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1191 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
Language: English
Submitted on: Aug 12, 2022
Accepted on: Feb 16, 2023
Published on: Mar 22, 2023
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
© 2023 Jyoti R. Sharma, Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla, Girish Dwivedi, Rabia Johnson, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.