A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Relationship Between Peer Mentoring for Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health

	TOTAL (N = 353)	PEER-MENTOR (N = 128)	CONTROL (N = 225)	P-VALUE
Age, mean ± SD	42.69 ± 8.39	42.99 ± 8.68	42.51 ± 8.23	0.60
Age, %				0.27
– 20–30 years	6.0	8.6	4.4
– 30–40 years	31.2	26.6	33.8
– 40–50 years	38.2	39.0	37.8
– 50–60 years	24.6	25.8	24.0
Gender, %				0.75
– Male	33.0	32.8	33.0
– Female	67.0	67.2	67.0
Marital Status, %				0.33
– Married	77.6	80.5	76.0
– Not married	22.4	19.5	24.0
Highest level of education, %				0.18
– Secondary school	5.4	7.8	4.0
– Post-secondary school	94.6	92.2	96.0
Occupation, %				0.47
– Professional	92.4	93.0	92.0
– Others^*	7.6	7.0	8.0
Socio-economic status, %				<0.001
– Low	22.7	17.2	25.8
– Middle	25.2	14.8	31.1
– High	52.1	68.0	43.1
Smoking, %				0.13
– Current smoker	2.8	0.8	4.0
– Former smoker	7.1	5.5	8.0
– Never smoked	90.1	93.7	88.0
Alcohol, %				0.34
– Current drinker	54.1	60.0	52.2
– Former drinker	8.7	4.0	10.2
– Never drank	37.2	36.0	37.6

[i] Professional occupation includes accountants, lawyers, scientists, teachers; other* occupations include carpenters, homemakers, unemployed.

Change in physical activity by group.
a. Change in moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA). b. Change in vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA). c. Change in total MET minutes spent of physical activity per week.

Table 2

Anthropometric and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Participants at Baseline.

	TOTAL (N = 353)	PEER-MENTOR (N = 128)	CONTROL (N = 225)
	MEAN ± SD
Weight, kg	88.89 ± 14.97	89.46 ± 14.21	88.56 ± 15.39
Body Mass Index, kg/m²	32.32 ± 5.97	33.15 ± 6.67	31.85 ± 5.49
Waist circumference	107.10 ± 11.49	108.46 ± 11.31	106.33 ± 11.54
Hip circumference	116.26 ± 10.33	117.02 ± 10.04	115.82 ± 10.49
Total body fat	40.73 ± 9.06	41.26 ± 8.35	40.43 ± 9.44
Visceral fat	11.37 ± 4.17	11.47 ± 4.01	11.31 ± 4.27
Skeletal muscle	26.35 ± 5.01	26.18 ± 4.73	26.45 ± 5.16
Total cholesterol	206.07 ± 43.68	204.06 ± 43.37	207.23 ± 43.92
Triglycerides	129.06 ± 71.38	123.68 ± 59.83	132.16 ± 77.22
Low density lipoprotein	135.66 ± 40.16	133.81 ± 41.00	136.77 ± 39.71
High density lipoprotein	44.30 ± 14.64	44.41 ± 9.90	44.23 ± 16.83
Systolic blood pressure	127.62 ± 20.56	128.18 ± 19.01	127.30 ± 21.42
Diastolic blood pressure	84.66 ± 13.64	85.52 ± 11.79	84.17 ± 14.59
	%
Body Mass Index, kg/m²
– Overweight	36.75	30.08	40.67
– Obese	63.25	69.92	59.33
Lipid Profile
– Normal Lipid Profile	26.63	26.56	26.67
– Dyslipidemia	73.37	73.44	73.33
Cholesterol, mg/dl
– Normal, < 200	45.82	48.03	44.55
– Borderline, 200 –< 240	34.87	36.22	34.09
– High, ≥ 240	19.31	15.75	21.36
Triglycerides, mg/dl
– Normal, < 150	70.61	70.08	70.91
– Borderline, 150 –< 200	15.27	17.32	14.09
– High, ≥ 200	14.12	12.60	15.00
Low density lipoprotein (LDL), mg/dl
– Normal, 100 –< 130	20.12	22.76	18.54
– Borderline, 130 –< 160	55.18	54.47	55.61
– High, ≥ 160	24.70	22.76	25.85
High density lipoprotein (HDL), mg/dl
– Ideal, ≥ 60	10.40	7.87	11.87
– Moderate, ≥ 40–60	26.30	29.92	24.20
– Low, < 40	63.29	62.20	63.93
Medical history
– Family history of hypertension	42.9	40.1	44.4
– Family history of diabetes	23.0	23.6	22.7
– Doctor diagnosed hypertension	26.6	26.6	26.7
– Doctor diagnosed diabetes	6.2	4.7	7.1

Table 3

Participants Baseline and Follow-up Physical Activity, by Group.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY(MINUTES)	PEER MENTORED GROUP				CONTROL GROUP				P-VALUE^#
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY(MINUTES)	BASELINE	FOLLOW-UP	DIFFERENCE	P-VALUE*	BASELINE	FOLLOW-UP	DIFFERENCE	P-VALUE*	P-VALUE^#
Weekly METS	9443.8 ± 4123.9	10750.3 ± 3751.4	+ 21.7	0.006	11131.4 ± 4304.4	10366.3 ± 3052.9	–12.8	0.03	0.0005
Duration of moderate physical activity	347.1 ± 458.9	776.0 ± 697.7	+ 428.9	<0.0001	480.2 ± 577.8	804.6 ± 800.4	+ 324.4	<0.001	0.30
Duration of vigorous physical activity	85.0 ± 213.2	169.3 ± 332.9	+ 81.6	0.003	120.3 ± 368.4	155.6 ± 442.1	+ 35.3	0.34	0.18

[i] Difference = difference between means. P-value* = P-value comparing the mean values within each group, with a paired t-test. P-value^# = P-value comparing the difference in mean values between the groups, with a t-test.

Table 4

Comparison of sufficient physical activity within groups, at baseline and 6 months.

SUFFICIENT ACTIVITY, %	PEER-MENTOR	P-VALUE	CONTROL	P-VALUE
– Baseline	67.2	<0.0001	75.1	<0.0001
– 6 months	93.8		90.7

Change in cardiometabolic parameters (lipid profile) by group.
a. Change in low-density lipoproteins (LDL). b. Change in triglycerides. c. Change in cholesterol. d. Change in high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

Table 5

Impact of physical activity on participants cardiometabolic parameters.

CARDIOMETABOLIC PARAMETERS	PEER MENTORED GROUP				CONTROL GROUP				P-VALUE^#
CARDIOMETABOLIC PARAMETERS	BASELINE	FOLLOW-UP	DIFFERENCE	P-VALUE	BASELINE	FOLLOW-UP	DIFFERENCE	P-VALUE	P-VALUE^#
Weight, kg	89.5 ± 14.2	89.1 ± 14.5	–0.4	0.24	88.6 ± 15.3	87.8 ± 14.7	–0.8	0.07	0.42
BMI, kg/m²	33.2 ± 6.6	33.0 ± 6.6	–0.2	0.23	31.9 ± 5.4	31.6 ± 5.3	–0.3	0.07	0.48
Waist-Hip Ratio	0.927 ± 0.05	0.910 ± 0.07	–0.017	0.002	0.919±0.06	0.915 ± 0.07	–0.0009	0.83	0.014
Total body fat, %	41.3 ± 8.3	41.4 ± 9.2	+ 0.1	0.63	40.4 ± 9.4	39.6 ± 9.7	–0.8	0.02	0.09
Visceral fat, %	11.5 ± 4.0	11.3 ± 3.6	–0.2	0.55	11.3 ± 4.2	11.1 ± 3.8	+ 0.2	0.93	0.67
Skeletal muscle, %	26.2 ± 4.7	26.3 ± 4.8	+ 0.1	0.84	26.5 ± 5.1	26.8 ± 5.3	+ 0.3	0.11	0.49
T-Chol, mg/dl	204.1 ± 43.3	183.8 ± 38.8	–20.3	<0.0001	207.2 ± 43.9	182.4 ± 40.4	–24.8	<0.0001	0.29
TG, mg/dl	123.7 ± 59.8	101.1 ± 45.0	–22.6	<0.0001	132.2 ± 77.2	102.4 ± 50.5	–29.8	<0.0001	0.81
LDL-Chol	133.8 ± 41.0	113.3 ± 36.1	–20.5	<0.0001	136.8 ± 39.7	113.0 ± 37.3	–23.8	<0.0001	0.63
HDL-Chol	44.4 ± 9.9	50.1 ± 7.6	+ 5.7	<0.0001	44.2 ± 16.8	48.9 ± 8.3	+ 4.7	<0.0001	0.72

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1268 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179

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Language: English

Submitted on: Jan 23, 2023

Accepted on: Sep 5, 2023

Published on: Oct 5, 2023

Published by: Ubiquity Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

peer mentoring,

physical activity,

cardiometabolic health,

randomized controlled trial

© 2023 Moradeke Bamgboye, David Adeyemi, Emmanuel Agaba, Susan Yilme, Clement A. Adebamowo, Sally N. Adebamowo, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 18 (2023): Issue 1

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Relationship Between Peer Mentoring for Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health

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