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Characterization of Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Native Tanzanian Cohort: MOYO Study Cover

Characterization of Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Native Tanzanian Cohort: MOYO Study

Global Heart
Volume 19 (2024): Issue 1
By: Lulu Said Fundikira,  Pilly Chillo,  Mohamed Z. Alimohamed,  Henry Mayala,  Engerasiya Kifai,  Geofrey M. Aloyce,  Appolinary Kamuhabwa,  Gideon Kwesigabo,  Linda W. van Laake and  Folkert W. Asselbergs  
Open Access
|Feb 2024
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with NIDCM in native Tanzanian Cohort: MOYO Study.

VARIABLEFREQUENCY (%)/MEDIAN (IQR)
Median (IQR) age (years)55.0 (41.0, 66.0)
Age groups (years), n (%)
      18–3044 (10.9)
      31–4582 (20.4)
      46–5581 (20.1)
      >55195 (48.5)
Male sex, n (%)220 (54.7)
Marital status, n (%)
      Single/widowed/separated92 (22.9)
      Married/cohabitating310 (77.1)
Level of education, n (%)
      No formal education28 (7.0)
      Primary238 (59.2)
      Secondary98 (24.4)
      College/University38 (9.5)
Insured patients, n (%)214 (53.2)
Smoking, n (%)32 (8.0)
Alcohol consumption, n (%)
Alcohol abuse, n (%)		71 (17.7)
12(3.0)
Median (IQR) Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)125 (109, 136)
Median (IQR) Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)80 (71, 90)
Median (IQR) Body Mass Index (kg/m2)26.18 (22.95, 29.70)
      Normal, n (%)162 (40.3)
      Overweight, n (%)145 (36.1)
      Obesity, n (%)95 (23.6)
Presence/history of cerebrovascular accident, n (%)17(4.2)
Positive history of hypertension, n (%)219 (54.2)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)52 (12.9)
Heart rate at first presentation
      Bradycardia (< 60)14 (3.5)
      Normal (60–100)267 (66.4)
      Tachycardia (>100)121 (30.1)
Reported Familial DCM n = 11312 (10.6)

[i] NI-DCM – Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Figure 1

Causes of NIDCM in MOYO study.

Figure 2

Clinical characteristics in NIDCM inMOYO study.

Table 2

Echocardiographic findings in patients with NIDCM in Native Tanzanian Cohort: MOYO study.

VARIABLEMEDIAN (IQR)/N (%)
LV end diastolic diameter (mm)62.6 (58.6, 68.0)
LV dilation severity, n (%)
      Mild52 (12.9)
      Moderate210 (52.2)
      Severe131 (32.6)
      Unknown9 (2.2)
Mean (SD) LV fractional shortening14.7 (4.9)
Mean (SD) LV ejection fraction29.45 (7.7)
LV dysfunction severity, n (%)
      Mild39 (9.7)
      Moderate166 (41.3)
      Severe195 (48.5)
      Unknown2 (0.5)
RV dilatation, n (%)240 (59.7)
RV dysfunction, n (%)145 (36.1)
Median (IQR) TAPSE (mm) n = 34216.0 (13.0, 18.0)
Mitral regurgitation, n (%)344(85.5)
Mitral regurgitation severity, n (%)
      None or trace only58 (14.4)
      Mild171 (42.5)
      Moderate87 (21.6)
      Moderate to severe7 (1.7)
      Severe79 (19.7)
Tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)266(66.1)
Tricuspid regurgitation severity, n (%)
      None or trace only136 (33.8)
      Mild127 (31.6)
      Moderate72 (17.9)
      Moderate to severe4 (1.0)
      Severe63 (15.7)
Aortic regurgitation, n (%)53(13.1)
Aortic regurgitation severity n (%)
      None or trace only349 (86.8)
      Mild38 (9.5)
      Moderate13 (3.2)
      Moderate to severe2 (0.5)
Intra-cardiac thrombosis, n (%)25 (6.2)
LV severe systolic dysfunction
LVEF <= 30 n (%)
      Yes208 (51.7)
      No194 (48.3)

[i] LV – left ventricle; RV – right ventricle; TAPSE – tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 3

Electrocardiography, Stress ECG, Coronary Angiography, Chest Radiography and Laboratory Findings in Patients with NIDCM in Native Tanzanian Cohort: MOYO Study.

VARIABLENUMBER STUDIEDMEDIAN (IQR)/N (%)
Median (IQR) Cardio-thoracic ratio2730.64 (0.59, 0.68)
Pulmonary edema, n (%)27388 (21.8)
Cephalization, n (%)273120 (29.8)
Pleural effusion, n (%)27383 (20.6)
Exercise stress testing17
      ECG ST changes170 (0.0)
      ECG arrhythmias177 (43.8)
CAG done yes n (%)36
CAG findings n (%)36
      Normal coronary arteries35(97.12)
      Non-obstructive CAD1(2.8)
CAG done as per cause of NIDCM36
      NIDCM presumably due to hypertension
      Idiopathic DCM21(60.0)
      PPCM12(34.2)
      Alcoholic DCM0(0)
      NIDCM due to other causes0(0)
Presence of bundle branch block4023(8.3)
      No BBB331 (82.3)
      LBBB60 (14.9)
      RBBB11 (2.7)
PVC seen Yes n (%)40289 (22.1)
Atrial fibrillation, yes n (%)40244 (10.9)
Median(IQR) serum Sodium (mmol/L)150134.0 (130.0,137.0)
      Hyponatremia n (%)15099 (66.0)
      Hypernatremia n (%)1501(0.7)
Anemia n (%)226127(56.2)

[i] CAG – coronary angiograph; ECG – electrocardiograph; BBB – bundle branch block; LBBB – left bundle branch block; RBBB – right bundle branch block: PVC – premature ventricular contractions.

Figure 3

Medications used in NIDCM in MOYO study.

Table 4

Comparisons between patients with Idiopathic DCM and patients with other forms of NIDCM in characterization of NIDCM in native Tanzanian cohort: MOYO Study.

VARIABLEIDIOPATHIC CAUSES OF DCMp–VALUE
YES n = 113 (%)NO n = 289 (%)
Median age in years (IQR)50 (40, 59)58 (43, 68)<0.001
Age group <45
            Yes42 (37.2)78 (27.0)0.045
            No71 (62.8)211 (73.0)
Sex
            Male64 (56.6)156 (54.0)0.630
            Female49 (43.4)133 (46.0)
Medically insured
            Insured52 (46.0)162 (56.1)0.070
            Not insured61 (54.0)127 (43.9)
NYHA class at presentation
            I3 (2.7)5 (1.7)0.004
            II37 (32.7)95 (32.9)
            III43 (38.1)152 (52.6)
            IV30 (26.5)37 (12.8)
Familial DCM
            Yes12 (10.6)25 (8.7)0.539
            No101 (89.4)264 (91.3)
Median LVEF (IQR)28.7 (22.1, 32.6)29.5 (23.6, 37.0)0.073
LVEF category <30
            Yes62 (54.9)146 (50.5)0.433
            No51 (45.1)143 (49.5)
Presence of bundle branch block
            No BBB86 (76.1)245 (84.8)0.042
            LBBB25 (22.1)35 (12.1)
            RBBB2 (1.8)9 (3.1)
PVC seen
            Yes29 (25.7)60 (20.8)0.295
            No84 (74.3)228 (79.2)
Atrial fibrillation
            Yes8 (7.1)36 (12.5)0.118
            No105 (92.9)252 (87.5)

[i] BBB – bundle branch block; LBBB – left bundle branch block; RBBB – right bundle branch block; PVC – premature ventricular contractions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1298 | Journal eISSN: 2211-8179
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Language: English
Submitted on: Oct 9, 2023
Accepted on: Jan 12, 2024
Published on: Feb 29, 2024
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy,
heart failure,
echocardiography

© 2024 Lulu Said Fundikira, Pilly Chillo, Mohamed Z. Alimohamed, Henry Mayala, Engerasiya Kifai, Geofrey M. Aloyce, Appolinary Kamuhabwa, Gideon Kwesigabo, Linda W. van Laake, Folkert W. Asselbergs, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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