Table 1
Baseline demographic, clinical and echocardiography characteristics of 2020 AF patients with or without coronary artery disease.
| CLINICAL FEATURE | AF AND CAD N = 216 (10.7%) | AF AND NO CAD N = 1804 (89.3%) | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean + SD | 69.3 ± 10.6 | 67.7 ± 13.1 | 0.08 |
| Women, N (%) | 81 (37.5) | 1014 (56.2) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 182 (84.3) | 1324 (73.4) | 0.007 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 118 (54.6) | 763 (42.3) | 0.008 |
| Dyslipidemia, N (%) | 145 (67.1) | 764 (42.4) | <0.0001 |
| Current cigarette smoking, N (%) | 38 (17.6) | 242 (13.4) | 0.11 |
| Enrolled in an outpatient setting, N (%) | 92 (42.6) | 464 (25.7) | <0.0001 |
| Non-paroxysmal AF | 139 (64.4) | 1153 (63.9) | 0.94 |
| Classification of AF: | 0.04 | ||
| - Valvular AF | 10 (4.6) | 160 (8.9) | |
| - Nonvalvular AF | 206 (95.4) | 1644 (91.1) | |
| Past Stroke/SE, N (%) | 32 (14.8) | 310 (17.2) | 0.43 |
| CKD, N (%) | 26 (12.0) | 155 (8.6) | <0.0001 |
| Sleep apnea, N (%) | 9 (4.2) | 76 (4.2) | 0.86 |
| Heart failure, N (%) | 64 (29.6) | 416 (23.1) | 0.04 |
| HAS-BLED score, mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 |
| Echocardiographic features*: | |||
| - LVEF (%) mean + SD | 49.2 + 13.4 | 53.6 + 12.8 | <0.0001 |
| - LVEF ≤ 40%, % | 25.9 | 16.9 | 0.002 |
| - LA diameter ≥ 4.5 cm, % | 64.9 | 42.8 | <0.0001 |
| - LVH, % | 28.4 | 40.1 | 0.002 |
| - Pulmonary hypertension, % | 21.8 | 58.2 | <0.0001 |
[i] AF: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; LA: left atrial; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; SE: systemic embolism.
*Transthoracic echocardiography was done for 93% of patients.
Table 2
Use of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents, and other cardiovascular medications in AF patients with and without coronary artery disease.
| MEDICATIONS | AF AND CAD N = 216 (10.7%) | AF AND NO CAD N = 1804 (89.3%) | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral anticoagulant agents, N (%) | |||
| - All OACs | 181 (83.8) | 1496 (82.9) | 0.81 |
| - VKA | 56 (25.9) | 606 (33.6) | 0.03 |
| - DOACs | 125 (57.9) | 890 (49.3) | 0.02 |
| Oral antiplatelet agents, N (%) | |||
| Single agent | 120 (55.6) | 670 (37.1) | <0.0001 |
| Dual agents | 39 (18.1) | 85 (4.7) | |
| Single or dual agents | 159 (73.6) | 755 (41.9) | |
| OACs and antiplatelet combination, N (%) | |||
| OAC and one or two antiplatelet agents | 121 (56.0) | 527 (29.2) | <0.0001 |
| Oral antiarrhythmic agents and other medications, N (%) | |||
| Amiodarone | 41 (19.0) | 346 (19.2) | 0.98 |
| Class I antiarrhythmic medications | 2 (0.9) | 35 (1.9) | 0.44 |
| Beta blockers | 185 (85.6) | 1434 (79.5) | 0.04 |
| Digitalis | 20 (9.3) | 299 (16.6) | 0.007 |
| Non-dihydropyridine CCB | 13 (6.0) | 206 (11.4) | 0.02 |
| RAS inhibitors | 106 (49.1) | 675 (37.4) | 0.001 |
| Statins | 149 (69.0) | 603 (33.4) | <0.0001 |
[i] AF: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CCB: calcium channel blocker; DOACs: direct oral anticoagulant agents, OACs: oral anticoagulant agents; RAS: renin angiotensin system; VKA: vitamin K antagonists.
Figure 1
Major cardiovasular events at one year in atrial fibrillation patients with or without cornonary artery disease.
AF: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CRNM: clinically relevant non-major (bleeding}; CVD: cardiovascular disease; SSE: stroke/systemic embolism. (*p ≤ .01; **p ≤ 0.001).