Figure 1
Cardiac service provision at each level of the health system.
HTN, hypertension; INR, international normalized ratio; PEN, Package of Essential Noncommunicable Interventions for Primary Care; RHD, rheumatic heart disease.
Figure 2
Advantages and disadvantages of cardiac care delivery at different levels of decentralization within the health system.
INR, international normalized ratio; NCDs, noncommunicable diseases.
Figure 3
PEN-Plus Heart Failure Management Protocol.
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BP, blood pressure; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; IVC, inferior vena cava; LV, left ventricle; PLAX, parasternal long axis; RV, right ventricle *specific medications used will depend on availability on local formularies. This protocol is used primarily for teenagers and older. Adapted from Bukhman et al. [51].
Figure 4
NCDI Poverty Commission Countries and Phases of PEN-Plus Expansion.
Table 1
PEN-Plus Partnership cardiac consultation members*.
| American College of Cardiology American Heart Association Cardiac Surgery Intersociety Alliance Chain of Hope Children’s HeartLink Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts Pan-African Society of Cardiology Resolve to Save Lives Reach World Heart Federation |
[i] * Listed alphabetically.