Figure 1
Study flowchart.
Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
| PRIMARY PREVENTION (n = 12,226) | SECONDARY PREVENTION (n = 5,208) | TOTAL (n = 17,434) | P-VALUE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 54.4 (±15.9) | 68.9 (±12.3) | 58.8 (±16.3) | <0.01 |
| Female Sex | 69.4% | 52.2% | 64.2% | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 52.2% | 79.6% | 60.4% | <0.01 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 33.7% | 56.2% | 40.4% | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 32.2% | 43.6% | 35.6% | <0.01 |
| CKD | 4.6% | 18.2% | 8.7% | <0.01 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 114.3 (±35.1) | 119.6 (±36.9) | 115.9 (±36.2) | <0.01 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 48.2 (±16.2) | 42.7 (±12.5) | 46.6 (±15.4) | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides | 133.3 (±74.9) | 144.6 (±170.5) | 136.7 (±140.4) | <0.01 |
| HbA1C | 6.7 (±3.7) | 6.6 (±3.6) | 6.6 (±3.6) | 0.10 |
[i] The values are presented as mean (and standard deviation) and percentages.
† CKD means chronic kidney disease.
Table 2
Distribution of LDL cholesterol values in the population with and without ASCVD.
| LDL-CHOLESTEROL | PRIMARY PREVENTION (n = 12.226) | SECONDARY PREVENTION (n = 5.208) | TOTAL (n = 17.434) |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 50 mg/dL | 1.7%# | 4.1%# | 2.4% |
| 50 - 69 mg/dL | 6.8%# | 15.0%* | 9.2% |
| 70 – 99 mg/dL | 26.2%# | 31.7% | 27.8% |
| 100 – 129 mg/dL | 33.4%* | 26.9% | 31.4% |
| 130 – 159 mg/dL | 20.4% | 14.4% | 18.6% |
| 160 – 189 mg/dL | 8.2% | 5.0% | 7.3% |
| ≥ 190 mg/dL | 3.5% | 2.8% | 3.3% |
[i] On-target#
Boderline*
Out of the target
Suspicion of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Table 3
Total cost per patient per year in primary and secondary prevention (outpatient and inpatient).
| METRIC | w/o ASCVD | w/ ASCVD | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total cost per patient per year | $3,591 | $8,210 | $4,971 |
| Outpatient cost per patient per year | $2,118 | $3,575 | $2,554 |
| ED cost per patient per year | $171 | $241 | $192 |
| OP Exam/Procedure/Therapy cost per patient per year | $1,378 | $2,451 | $1,698 |
| Elective office visit cost per patient per year | $570 | $883 | $663 |
| OP Non-invasive imaging tests cost per patient per year* | $591 | $1314 | $807 |
| Inpatient cost per patient per year | $1,473 | $4,635 | $2,417 |
| Medical (non-surgical) IP cost per patient per year | $618 | $2,921 | $1,306 |
| Cardiovascular surgical cost per patient per year* | $165 | $2,331 | $812 |
[i] ED means emergency department; OP means outpatient; High complexity includes non-invasive imaging tests.
Figure 2
Average costs in primary and secondary prevention (outpatient and inpatient).