Table 1
Stakeholder survey and key informant in-depth interview participant characteristics.
| PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Stakeholder survey | N = 68 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 55.2 (11.9) |
| Male | 62 (91.2) |
| Job | |
| Cardiologist | 63 (92.6) |
| Internist/Family Practice | 4 (5.9) |
| Other | 1 (1.5) |
| Years working in healthcare, mean (SD) | 28.7 (11.6) |
| Type of healthcare setting | |
| Public | 16 (23.5) |
| Private | 51 (75.0) |
| Other | 1 (1.5) |
| Key informant in-depth interviews | N = 20 |
| Male | 15 (75) |
| Stakeholder type | |
| Cardiologist | 8 (40) |
| Nurse | 4 (20) |
| Pharmacist | 2 (10) |
| Patient | 6 (30) |
| Type of healthcare setting | |
| Public | 6 (30) |
| Private | 14 (70) |
Table 2
Results of HFrEF polypill stakeholder survey with modified implementation science outcome measures.
| MEASURES | SCORE, MEAN (SD)* |
|---|---|
| Adapted Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM) | |
| 1. A HFrEF polypill meets my approval. | 3.6 (1.1) |
| 2. A HFrEF polypill would be appealing to my patients. | 3.9 (1.0) |
| 3. I like the idea of a HFrEF polypill. | 3.8 (1.2) |
| 4. I think I would be able to use a HFrEF polypill in my clinical practice. | 3.8 (1.1) |
| Total: | 3.8 (1.0) |
| Adapted Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) | |
| 1. A HFrEF polypill seems fitting for my patients. | 3.6 (1.1) |
| 2. A HFrEF polypill seems suitable for my patients. | 3.6 (1.1) |
| 3. A HFrEF polypill seems applicable to my patients. | 3.7 (1.1) |
| 4. A HFrEF polypill seems like a good match for my patients. | 3.5 (1.1) |
| Total: | 3.6 (1.0) |
| Adapted Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) | |
| 1. I welcome HFrEF polypill as an additional treatment option for my patients with HFrEF. | 3.6 (1.1) |
| 2. Using HFrEF polypills for my patients seems possible once developed. | 3.7 (1.0) |
| 3. Using a HFrEF polypill seems doable for patients. | 3.7 (1.1) |
| 4. A HFrEF polypill seems easy to use for me and my patients. | 3.9 (1.0) |
| Total: | 3.7 (1.0) |
| Additional survey questions: | Responses, N = 68 |
| 1. How much of a problem is taking multiple pills daily for your patients with HFrEF? | n (%) |
| Large problem | 39 (57.3) |
| Moderate problem | 10 (14.7) |
| Minor problem | 18 (26.5) |
| Not a problem | 1 (1.5) |
| 2. What are the most important characteristics of a HFrEF polypill that your patients will care about?** | n (%) |
| Size of the HFrEF polypill | 28 (40.6) |
| Cost of the HFrEF polypill | 57 (82.6) |
| Side effects of the HFrEF polypill | 27 (39.1) |
| Once daily dosing of the HFrEF polypill | 32 (46.4) |
| Efficacy of the HFrEF polypill | 36 (52.2) |
[i] *The Likert scale ranges from 1–5 and higher scores indicate greater acceptability, appropriateness, or feasibility.
**Respondents had the option to select multiple answers.
Figure 1
Geographic representation of stakeholder survey respondents by state or union territory in India.
Legend: Map depicting states and union territories represented by stakeholder survey respondents (total 68 participants, 1 participant excluded due to living outside of India).
Figure 2
Implementation Research Logic Model for HFrEF polypill-based implementation strategy in India (14).
Abbreviations: HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ASHA: Accredited Social Health Activist; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; HF: heart failure; CVD: cardiovascular disease.
Positive valence (+): facilitator.
Negative valence (-): barrier.