Figure 1
Composition chart of cardiovascular disease patients.
Table 1
Characteristics of participants according to TTR-HR.
| OBSERVATION ITEM | 0–50% (n = 269) | >50%–75% (n = 279) | >75%–100% (n = 907) | TOTAL (n = 1455) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 60.7 ± 11.1 | 60.3 ± 11.6 | 63.1 ± 10.5 | 62.3 ± 10.9 | <0.001 |
| Male, n(%) | 202(75.1) | 228(81.7) | 689(76.0) | 1119(76.9) | 0.100 |
| Smoking, n(%) | 114(42.5) | 150(53.8) | 409(45.2) | 673(46.4) | 0.017 |
| Drinking, n(%) | 155(57.8) | 152(54.5) | 477(52.8) | 784(54.0) | 0.339 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 24(9.0) | 29(10.4) | 90(10.0) | 143(9.9) | 0.848 |
| History of Heart disease, n(%) | 17(6.3) | 15(5.4) | 64(7.1) | 96(6.6) | 0.586 |
| History of diabetes, n(%) | 16(6.0) | 13(4.7) | 45(5.0) | 74(5.1) | 0.762 |
| History of stroke, n(%) | 4(1.5) | 2(0.7) | 11(1.2) | 17(1.2) | 0.648 |
| β-blocker, n(%) | 179(66.8) | 196(70.3) | 655(72.3) | 1030(70.9) | 0.215 |
| ACEI/ARB, n(%) | 154(57.5) | 176(63.1) | 589(65.0) | 919(63.2) | 0.080 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n(%) | 57(21.3) | 54(19.4) | 211(23.3) | 322(22.2) | 0.353 |
| Diuretic, n(%) | 86(32.1) | 73(26.2) | 199(22.0) | 358(24.6) | 0.003 |
| Statins, n(%) | 267(99.6) | 271(97.1) | 896(98.9) | 1434(98.7) | 0.032 |
| PCSK9, n(%) | 17(6.3) | 20(7.2) | 68(7.5) | 105(7.2) | 0.812 |
| Ezetimibe, n(%) | 71(26.5) | 72(25.8) | 207(22.8) | 350(24.1) | 0.358 |
| Aspirin, n(%) | 201(77.5) | 232(83.2) | 796(87.9) | 1229(84.6) | <0.001 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor, n(%) | 267(99.6) | 276(98.9) | 903(99.8) | 1446(99.6) | 0.169 |
| Antianginal drugs, n(%) | 35(13.1) | 37(13.3) | 115(12.7) | 187(12.9) | 0.968 |
| PPI, n(%) | 132(49.3) | 116(41.6) | 425(46.9) | 673(46.3) | 0.169 |
| Hypoglycemic drug, n(%) | 129(48.1) | 102(36.6) | 274(30.2) | 505(34.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 166(61.7) | 162(58.1) | 563(62.1) | 891(61.2) | 0.482 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n(%) | 108(40.1) | 103(36.9) | 284(31.3) | 495(34) | 0.015 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 112(41.6) | 95(34.1) | 254(28.0) | 461(31.7) | <0.001 |
| Hyperuricemia, n(%) | 30(11.2) | 36(12.9) | 84(9.3) | 150(10.3) | 0.194 |
| Stroke, n(%) | 29(10.8) | 32(11.5) | 144(15.9) | 205(14.1) | 0.041 |
| Heart failure, n(%) | 79(29.4) | 48(17.2) | 129(14.2) | 256(17.6) | <0.001 |
| Anemia, n(%) | 19(7.1) | 14(5.0) | 46(5.1) | 79(5.4) | 0.425 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n(%) | 21(7.8) | 20(7.2) | 22(2.4) | 63(4.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n(%) | 15(5.6) | 25(9.0) | 52(5.7) | 92(6.3) | 0.132 |
| UA, umol/L | 326.6(274.0, 380.0) | 358.0(304.0, 430.6) | 341.7(281.9, 418.0) | 343(279.0, 420.1) | 0.608 |
| Ast, u/L | 23(18.6, 29.0) | 25(20.8, 31.2) | 24(19.05, 29.5) | 24(19.8, 29.6) | 0.447 |
| Alt, u/L | 24(16.9, 38.9) | 29.5(21.0, 41.4) | 27.9(19.3, 38.0) | 27.6(19.2, 39.0) | 0.219 |
| Plt, 109/L | 215(182.5, 245.5) | 213(161.5, 245.5) | 192(171.0, 235.0) | 199(171.8, 238.0) | 0.232 |
| Ldlc, mmol/L | 1.8(1.5, 2.4) | 1.82(1.2, 2.2) | 1.655(1.3, 2.0) | 1.7(1.3, 2.1) | 0.139 |
| Crea, umol/L | 74.8(66, 88.6) | 77.5(69.15, 96) | 71.9(62.0, 88.0) | 74(63.0, 88.6) | 0.180 |
| Hbalc, % | 7.0(6.6, 7.3) | 6.0(5.8, 6.0) | 6.9(6.3, 7.4) | 6.8(6.0, 7.4) | 0.337 |
| Hb, g/L | 136.4 ± 19 | 144.1 ± 14.5 | 139.6 ± 15.6 | 140.0 ± 16.0 | 0.090 |
| LVEF, % | 62.8 ± 6.6 | 59.4 ± 11.6 | 62.1 ± 7.9 | 61.8 ± 8.4 | 0.571 |
| Target blood pressure, n(%) | 209(77.7) | 210(75.3) | 662(73.0) | 1081(74.3) | 0.279 |
| Systolic pressure, mmHg | 121(110,134) | 124(113,137) | 124(123,138) | 123(112, 137) | 0.008 |
| Diastolic pressure, mmHg | 77(70,84) | 76(69,85) | 75(68,82) | 76(68,83) | 0.005 |
| Heart rate, per minute | 85(78,92) | 79(72,86) | 72.0(66.0,80.0) | 76(68,85) | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 70(60.5,79) | 70(64,77.5) | 71.0(64.0, 80.0) | 70.(63.7,80.0) | 0.381 |
| BMI | 26.6(22.85,30.05) | 26.7(23.5,29.7) | 27.1(23.9,30.1) | 26.8(23.7,30.0) | 0.289 |
Table 2
Cox regression analysis of single and multiple factors related to adverse events.
| OBSERVATION ITEM | SINGLE FACTORS | MULTIPLE FACTORS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95%CI | P | HR | 95%CI | P | |
| Age | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.192 | |||
| male | 0.80 | 0.44–1.47 | 0.470 | |||
| Smoking | 1.35 | 0.84–2.19 | 0.216 | 1.29 | 0.79–2.09 | 0.307 |
| Drinking | 1.19 | 0.73–1.93 | 0.487 | |||
| History of hypertension | 2.29 | 1.25–4.20 | 0.007 | 2.43 | 1.31–4.49 | 0.005 |
| History of Heart disease | 1.66 | 0.76–3.64 | 0.203 | |||
| History of diabetes | 1.20 | 0.44–3.28 | 0.730 | |||
| Hypertension | 0.88 | 0.54–1.4 | 0.596 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.95 | 0.57–1.58 | 0.841 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.99 | 0.59–1.66 | 0.969 | |||
| Hyperuricemia | 1.73 | 0.91–3.30 | 0.096 | |||
| Apoplexy | 0.70 | 0.32–1.54 | 0.379 | |||
| Heart failure | 1.88 | 1.11–3.20 | 0.019 | 1.16 | 0.60–2.24 | 0.660 |
| History of stent implantation surgery | 0.95 | 0.57–1.59 | 0.856 | |||
| Anemia | 1.75 | 0.76–4.05 | 0.191 | |||
| Cardiogenic shock | 2.26 | 0.98–5.23 | 0.057 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.20 | 0.48–2.99 | 0.693 | |||
| β-blocker | 1.57 | 0.87–2.83 | 0.133 | 1.56 | 0.86–2.82 | 0.141 |
| ACEI/ARB | 0.85 | 0.52–1.39 | 0.521 | |||
| CCB | 1.10 | 0.63–1.93 | 0.740 | |||
| Diuretic | 2.25 | 1.38–3.65 | 0.001 | 1.99 | 1.10–3.58 | 0.022 |
| PCSK9 | 1.29 | 0.56–2.98 | 0.555 | |||
| Ezetimibe | 1.35 | 0.80–2.28 | 0.259 | |||
| Aspirin | 0.92 | 0.48–1.76 | 0.810 | |||
| Antianginal drugs | 1.20 | 0.61–2.34 | 0.603 | |||
| PPI | 1.20 | 0.74–1.94 | 0.455 | |||
| Hypoglycemics | 1.28 | 0.78–2.08 | 0.325 | |||
| arrhythmia | 0.51 | 0.31–0.82 | 0.005 | 0.52 | 0.32–0.85 | 0.010 |
| Target blood pressure | 1.02 | 0.59–1.77 | 0.938 | |||
Figure 2
Hazard ratio for cardiovascular outcomes.
Table 3
The associations between heart rate response and composite endpoint and MACE.
| OBSERVATION ITEM | 0–50% (n = 269) | >50%–75% (n = 279) | (>75%–100%) (n = 907) | TOTAL (n = 1455) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite endpoint, n(%) | 18(6.7) | 19(6.8) | 30(3.3) | 67(4.6) | 0.010 |
| MACE, n(%) | 16(5.9) | 15(5.4) | 27(3.0) | 58(4.0) | 0.036 |
| Death events, n(%) | 3(1.1) | 4(1.4) | 3(0.3) | 10(0.7) | 0.078 |
Figure 3
Pre-specified subgroups analyses of the association between heart rate in target range and composite endpoint.
Figure 4
Kaplan–Meier survival curve from the 12-month follow-up under stratification according to heart rate in the target range.